| Kanji | Hiragana | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 暴れる | あばれる | to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous |
| 溢れる | あふれる | to overflow; to brim over; to flood |
| 愛着 | あいちゃく | attachment; love; covetous affection |
| 合間 | あいま | interval; break; pause; spare moment |
| 曖昧 | あいまい | vague; ambiguous; unclear |
| 愛らしい | あいらしい | pretty; charming; lovely; adorable |
| 愛社 | あいしゃ | devotion to one’s company |
| 相性 | あいしょう | affinity; compatibility |
| 相次いで | あいついで | one after the other; successively |
| 愛用 | あいよう | favorite; habitually used |
| 味付け | あじつけ | seasoning; flavor |
| 赤字 | あかじ | (being in) the red; deficit; red letter; red writing; corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red |
| 飽き | あき | weariness; boredom; tedium; tiresomeness |
| 空き地 | あきち | vacant land; unoccupied ground; empty lot |
| 諦め | あきらめ | resignation; acceptance; consolation |
| 悪化 | あっか | (suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption |
| 憧れ | あこがれ | yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration |
| 憧れる | あこがれる | to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by |
| 悪影響 | あくえいきょう | bad influence; negative influence |
| 悪意 | あくい | ill will; spite; evil intention; malice; bad meaning |
| 悪条件 | あくじょうけん | unfavorable conditions; unfavourable conditions |
| 雨水 | あまみず/うすい | rain water |
| 甘やかす | あまやかす | to pamper; to spoil |
| 案外 | あんがい | unexpectedly; surprisingly; unexpected; unanticipated; unforeseen; surprising |
| 安易 | あんい | easy; simple; easygoing; lighthearted; simplistic; irresponsible; careless; quick (to do) |
| 安価 | あんか | low-priced; cheap; inexpensive |
| 仰向け | あおむけ | face up |
| 荒い | あらい | rough; wild; violent; rude; coarse; harsh; fierce; heavy (e.g. breathing); immoderate; extravagant; reckless |
| 洗い出す | あらいだす | to reveal something by washing the surface; to bring to light; to reveal by investigation |
| 予め | あらかじめ | beforehand; in advance; previously |
| 争う | あらそう | to compete; to contest; to contend; to quarrel; to argue; to dispute; to be at variance; to oppose |
| 改める | あらためる | to change; to alter; to revise; to replace; to reform; to correct; to mend; to improve |
| 荒れる | あれる | to be stormy; to be rough; to be ruined; to fall into ruin; to be in a bad temper; to lose one’s temper |
| 焦り | あせり | impatience |
| 焦る | あせる | to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be flustered; to lose one’s presence of mind; to be surprised |
| 足を運ぶ | あしをはこぶ | to go; to come; to turn out (at a meeting, event, etc.); to show up; to make your way to |
| 圧勝 | あっしょう | complete victory |
| 宛 | あて | addressed to |
| 当てはまる | あてはまる | to apply (a rule); to be applicable; to come under (a category); to fulfill; to hold true |
| 後回し | あとまわし | putting off; postponing |
| 後戻り | あともどり | going backward; turning back; backtracking; doubling back; retrogression; relapse; returning to a bad state |
| あっという間 | あっというま | a blink of time |
| 厚かましい | あつかましい | impudent; shameless; brazen |
| 慌ただしい | あわただしい | busy; hurried; confused; flurried |
| 怪しい | あやしい | suspicious; dubious; doubtful; dodgy; suspicious (referring to a potential amorous relation); dangerous (e.g. financial situation); ominous (e.g. weather); strange; shady; fishy |
| 歩み寄る | あゆみよる | to compromise; to meet halfway; to step up to; to walk up to; to approach |
| 歩む | あゆむ | to walk; to go on foot |
| 鮮やか | あざやか | vivid; bright; brilliant; clear; fresh; vibrant; skillful; brilliant; beautiful; fine; excellent |
| 倍増 | ばいぞう | double |
| 離れ | ばんあれ | (suffix) separation from; loss of interest in; independence of; distancing (of oneself) from; disillusionment with; alienation from (something) |
| ばっさり | ー | with a single stroke; resolutely; drastically; completely |
| 別荘 | べっそう | holiday house; vacation home; villa; prison; jail |
| 美術 | びじゅつ | art; fine arts |
| 敏感 | びんかん | sensitive; alert; aware; susceptible |
| びっしょり | ー | wet through; drenched |
| 美容院 | びよういん | beauty parlor; beauty salon; hairdressing salon |
| 募金 | ぼきん | fund-raising; collection of funds |
| 牧場 | ぼくじょう | farm (livestock); ranch (US); pasture land; meadow; grazing land |
| 膨大 | ぼうだい | huge; vast; enormous; colossal; extensive; large; swelling; expansion |
| 防犯 | ぼうはん | prevention of crime |
| 防災 | ぼうさい | prevention of damage resulting from a natural disaster; protection against disaster |
| 部員 | ぶいん | staff; member (club, society, etc.) |
| 部下 | ぶか | subordinate person |
| ぶかぶか | ー | too large (clothing); baggy; loose-fitting |
| 分別 | ぶんべつ | separation (e.g. of rubbish when recycling); classification; discrimination; division; distinction |
| 分解 | ぶんかい | disassembly; dismantling; disaggregating; analysis; disintegrating; decomposing; degrading |
| 分割 | ぶんかつ | partition; division; separation; segmenting; splitting |
| 文系 | ぶんけい | humanities, social sciences, and fine arts; liberal arts |
| 文献 | ぶんけん | literature; books (reference); document |
| 文面 | ぶんめん | content of a letter |
| 分配 | ぶんぱい | division; splitting; sharing; distribution; dissemination; allocation |
| 分量 | ぶんりょう | amount; quantity |
| 分担 | ぶんたん | taking on one’s share (e.g. of work); dividing (work, expenses, etc.) between; apportionment; allotment; allocation; assignment |
| 物資 | ぶっし | goods; materials; commodities; resources; supplies |
| 着々と | ちゃくちゃくと | steadily |
| 着実 | ちゃくじつ | steady; sound; solid; reliable; trustworthy |
| 縮める | ちぢめる | to shorten; to reduce; to condense; to shrink; to make (one’s body) smaller; to draw in (one’s legs); to duck (one’s head) |
| 縮む | ちぢむ | to shrink; to contract; to diminish (in size) |
| 近々 | ちかぢか | soon; nearness; before long |
| 近づく | ちかずく | to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know |
| 蓄積 | ちくせき | accumulation; accumulate; store |
| 散らかす | ちらかす | to scatter around; to leave untidy |
| 地帯 | ちたい | area; zone; belt (of land) |
| 知的 | ちてき | intellectual |
| 地点 | ちてん | site; point on a map; spot |
| 地球温暖化 | ちきゅうおんだんか | global warming |
| 直結 | ちょっけつ | direct connection; direct link |
| 直後 | ちょくご | immediately following |
| 直立 | ちょくりつ | standing upright; standing straight |
| 直前 | ちょくぜん | just before |
| 長編 | ちょうへん | long (e.g. novel, film) |
| 長方形 | ちょうほうけい | rectangle; oblong |
| 長期間 | ちょうきかん | long period (of time) |
| 彫刻 | ちょうこく | carving; engraving; sculpture |
| 彫刻家 | ちょうこくか | engraver; carver; sculptor |
| 長距離 | ちょうきょり | long distance; long haul |
| 調味料 | ちょうみりょう | seasoning; flavoring; flavouring; condiment |
| 調理 | ちょうり | cooking; food preparation |
| 調整 | ちょうせい | adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing; tailoring |
| 調節 | ちょうせつ | regulation; adjustment; control |
| 聴衆 | ちょうしゅう | audience; attendance; hearers |
| 注意点 | ちゅういてん | important point; point to make note of |
| 抽象 | ちゅうしょう | abstraction |
| 中断 | ちゅうだん | interruption; suspension; break |
| 注意深い | ちゅういぶかい | careful |
| 忠実 | ちゅうじつ | faithful; devoted; loyal; honest; true |
| 中旬 | ちゅうじゅん | middle of a month; second third of a month; 11th to 20th day of a month |
| 中華 | ちゅうか | Chinese food |
| 中継 | ちゅうけい | relay; relay broadcasting |
| 駐輪所 | ちゅうりんじょ | bicycle parking place |
| 抽選 | ちゅうせん | lottery; raffle; drawing (of lots) |
| 大学院 | だいがくいん | graduate school |
| 大学祭 | だいがくさい | university festival; rag day |
| 台無し | だいんあし | mess; spoiled; spoilt; (come to) nothing; ruin |
| 題名 | だいめい | title |
| 段取り | だんどり | programme; program; plans; arrangements |
| 段階 | だんかい | grade; level; stage; class; phase; steps; order; gradation |
| 団結 | だんけつ | unity; union; solidarity; combination; teaming up |
| だらし無い | だらしんあい | slovenly (appearance, work, etc.); sloppy; untidy; undisciplined; careless; loose; slack; weak; feeble; weak-willed; gutless |
| 脱出 | だっしゅつ | escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis |
| 妥当 | だとう | valid; proper; right; appropriate; reasonable |
| 出来上がる | できあがる | to be completed; to be finished; to be ready (e.g. to serve or eat) |
| 電源 | でんげん | source of electricity; electrical power; power (button on TV, etc.) |
| 電気屋 | でんきや | electric appliance store |
| 電波 | でんぱ | radio wave; reception; signal |
| 伝染 | でんせん | contagion; infection |
| 伝達 | でんたつ | transmission (e.g. news, chemical signals, electricity); communication; delivery; conveyance; transfer; relay; propagation; conduction |
| でたらめに | ー | nonsense; irresponsible remark; codswallop; hogwash; rubbish |
| 土台 | どだい | foundation; base; basis |
| 独占 | どくせん | monopoly; monopolization; exclusivity; keeping to oneself |
| 読者 | どくしゃ | reader |
| 独身者 | どくしんしゃ | unmarried person; bachelor |
| 道中 | どうちゅう | during the journey; on the way; while travelling |
| 動機 | どうき | motive; incentive |
| 同居 | どうきょ | coexistence; living together |
| 同年代 | どうんえんだい | the same generation; coeval |
| 導入 | どうんゆう | introduction; bringing in; leading in; installation |
| 動作 | どうさ | action; movements; motions; bearing; behaviour; behavior; execution; actuation; operation; manners |
| 同等 | どうとう | equality; equal; same rights; same rank; equivalence |
| 絵本 | えほん | picture book |
| 影響力 | えいきょうりょく | influence; clout; leverage |
| 映像 | えいぞう | image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; footage |
| 駅前 | えきまえ | in front of station |
| 延長 | えんちょう | extension; elongation; prolongation; lengthening |
| 円形 | えんけい | round shape; circle; circular form |
| 演じる | えんじる | to perform (a play); to play (a part); to act (a part); to commit (a blunder) |
| 円満 | えんまん | harmonious; peaceful; happy; amicable; smooth; free from trouble |
| 襟 | えり | collar; lapel; neckband; neck; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck |
| 不安定 | ふあんてい | instability; insecurity; crankiness |
| 不調 | ふちょう | bad condition; not to work out (i.e. a deal); disagreement; break-off; disorder; slump; out of form |
| 不動産 | ふどうさん | real estate |
| 不動産屋 | ふどうさんや | real estate agent; realtor |
| 不十分 | ふじゅうぶん | insufficient; inadequate; imperfect; shortage |
| 不快 | ふかい | displeasure; discomfort; unpleasantness; indisposition; ailment |
| 不可欠 | ふかけつ | indispensable; essential |
| 深まる | ふかまる | to deepen; to heighten; to intensify |
| 深める | ふかめる | to deepen; to heighten; to intensify |
| 不完全 | ふかんぜん | imperfect; incomplete; faulty; defective |
| 不機嫌 | ふきげん | pout; displeasure; ill humor; ill humour; sullenness |
| 付近 | ふきん | neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity; environs |
| 不規則 | ふきそく | irregularity; unsteadiness; disorderly |
| 副 | ふく | assistant; associate; vice-; sub-; deputy |
| 含める | ふくめる | to include (in a group or scope); to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication) |
| 膨らます | ふくらます | to swell; to expand; to inflate; to bulge |
| 膨らむ | ふくらむ | to expand; to swell (out); to get big; to become inflated |
| 福祉 | ふくし | welfare; well-being; social welfare; social security; social service |
| 複数 | ふくすう | plural; multiple; several |
| 普及 | ふきゅう | diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization |
| 不明 | ふめい | unclear; obscure; indistinct; uncertain; ambiguous; unknown; unidentified |
| 不明瞭 | ふめいりょう | dimness; obscurity; indistinctness; unclear; unintelligible |
| ふもと | ー | foot (of a mountain or hill); bottom; base |
| ふらふら | ー | unsteadily (e.g. on one’s feet); shakily; staggering; tottering; reeling; dizzily; giddily; wavering (in one’s mind); unsteadily; indecisively |
| 触れ合い | ふれあい | contact; connectedness; rapport; mutual touching |
| 触れ合う | ふれあう | to come into contact with; to touch (each other) |
| 振り込み | ふりこみ | payment made via bank deposit transfer |
| 振り向く | ふりむく | to turn one’s face; to turn around; to look over one’s shoulder |
| 不良品 | ふりょうひん | inferior goods; defective product; defective goods |
| 塞ぐ | ふさぐ | to stop up; to close up; to block (up); to plug up; to shut up; to cover (ears, eyes, etc.); to close (eyes, mouth); to stand in the way; to obstruct; to occupy; to fill up; to take up |
| 不採用 | ふさいよう | rejection (of an application) |
| 負担 | ふたん | burden; load; responsibility; bearing (a cost, responsibility, etc.); shouldering |
| 風 | ふう | appearance; air |
| 不愉快 | ふゆかい | unpleasant; disagreeable; displeasing; uncomfortable; unhappy |
| 街 | がい | … street; … quarter; … district |
| 外観 | がいかん | outward appearance; exterior appearance; outward show; looks |
| 外見 | がいけん | outward appearance |
| 概要 | がいよう | outline; summary; overview; abridgment; synopsis |
| 学費 | がくひ | tuition; school expenses |
| 学業 | がくぎょう | studies; schoolwork; classwork |
| 学年 | がくんえん | academic year; school year |
| 学歴 | がくれき | academic background |
| 学生課 | がくせいか | student affairs office |
| 願望 | がんぼう | desire; wish; aspiration |
| 頑丈 | がんじょう | solid; firm; stout; burly; strong; sturdy |
| 頑固 | がんこ | stubborn; obstinate; pigheaded |
| がらがら | ー | with a clatter; with a rattle |
| がっしり | ー | firmly; solidly; sturdily; strongly; toughly |
| 合宿 | がっしゅく | lodging together; training camp; boarding house |
| 画用紙 | がようし | drawing paper |
| 芸能 | げいんおう | public entertainment; performing arts; accomplishments; attainments |
| 劇的 | げきてき | dramatic; exciting; touching; extreme |
| 現代人 | げんだいじん | modern person; people of today |
| 現時点 | げんじてん | present point (i.e. in history); at the present time |
| 原稿 | げんこう | manuscript; copy; draft; notes; contribution |
| 原理 | げんり | principle; theory; fundamental truth |
| 原料 | げんりょう | raw materials |
| 原作 | げんさく | original work |
| 原産 | げんさん | place of origin; habitat |
| 厳守 | げんしゅ | strict observance; rigid adherence; scrupulous compliance |
| 原則 | げんそく | principle; general rule |
| 減速 | げんそく | deceleration |
| 幻想 | げんそう | fantasy; illusion; vision; dream |
| 限定 | げんてい | limit; restriction |
| 現在地 | げんざいち | present location; current location; “you are here” (on map) |
| 議題 | ぎだい | topic of discussion; agenda |
| 疑問点 | ぎもんてん | point of uncertainty; unclarified issue; doubt |
| 銀行員 | ぎんこういん | bank employee; bank staff member; bank clerk |
| ぎりぎり | ー | just barely; only just; at the very limit; at the last moment |
| 儀式 | ぎしき | ceremony; rite; ritual; service |
| ぎっしり | ー | tightly (packed); densely; closely; crammed |
| ぎざぎざ | ー | notches; serration; indentation; jaggies (stair-step artifacts in computer images) |
| ごちゃごちゃ | ー | messy; confused; chaotic; disorderly; mixed-up; jumbled up |
| 強引 | ごういん | overbearing; coercive; pushy; forcible; high-handed |
| ぐったり | ー | limply; wearily; listlessly; languidly; exhaustedly; unenergetically |
| 後日 | ごじつ | in the future; another day; later |
| 娯楽 | ごらく | pleasure; amusement |
| 合同 | ごうどう | combination; union; incorporation; amalgamation; fusion |
| 愚痴 | ぐち | idle complaint; grumble |
| ぐんぐん | ー | rapidly; vigorously; by leaps and bounds; steadily |
| 行事 | ぎょうじ | event; function |
| 行列 | ぎょうれつ | line; queue; procession; parade |
| 幅広い | はばひろい | extensive; wide; broad |
| 蜂 | はち | bee; wasp |
| 蜂蜜 | はちみつ | honey |
| 鉢植え | はちうえ | potted plant |
| 破片 | はへん | fragment; broken piece; splinter; chip; shard |
| 背景 | はいけい | background; scenery; backdrop; setting; circumstance; context; backing; support (from behind the scenes) |
| 廃止 | はいし | abolition; repeal |
| 墓参り | はかまいり | visit to a grave |
| 発揮 | はっき | show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation |
| 泊 | はく | counter for nights of a stay |
| 白衣 | はくい | white robe; (doctor’s) white gown |
| 鼻水 | はんあみず | nasal mucus; dripping nose; snot |
| 話し合い | はんあしあい | discussion; conference |
| 話し声 | はんあしごえ | speaking voice; talking voice |
| 話し手 | はんあして | speaker |
| 販売者 | はんばいしゃ | seller; vendor |
| 反映 | はんえい | reflection (light, image, situation, attitude, etc.); reflecting; influence; application (e.g. of an update) |
| 半額 | はんがく | half the amount (of money); half price; half fare |
| 半減 | はんげん | reduction by half; halving |
| 恥 | はじ | shame; embarrassment; disgrace |
| 反感 | はんかん | antipathy; antagonism; animosity; revulsion; ill feeling |
| 半日 | はっんいち | half day |
| 反発 | はんぱつ | opposition; rebellion; revolt; resistance; backlash; refusal; rebounding; recoiling; repulsion |
| 張り切る | はりきる | to be in high spirits; to be full of vigor (vigour); to be enthusiastic; to be eager; to stretch to breaking point |
| 反論 | はんろん | objection; refutation; rebuttal; counterargument |
| 半数 | はんすう | half the number |
| 腹を立てる | はらをたてる | to take offense; to take offence; to get angry; to lose one’s temper |
| 張り紙 | はりがみ | paper patch; paper backing; poster; sticker; label |
| 挟む | はさむ | to hold between (e.g. one’s fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to insert; to interpose; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings); to interpose (e.g. an objection); to interject; to throw in (e.g. a joke) |
| 発散 | はっさん | emission; emanation; radiation; diffusion; dispersion; letting out (feelings); venting |
| 発想 | はっそう | idea; conception; way of thinking |
| 発送 | はっそう | sending; forwarding; shipping |
| 働き手 | はたらきて | worker; breadwinner; supporter; able person; able man; productive worker |
| 果たす | はたす | to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to fulfill; to fulfil; to realize; to execute; to perform; to do |
| 発言 | はつげん | statement; remark; observation; utterance; speech; proposal |
| 早口 | はやくち | fast-talking; rapid talking |
| 早まる | はやまる | to be brought forward (e.g. by three hours); to be moved up; to be advanced; to quicken; to speed up; to gather speed |
| 流行り | はやり | fashion; fad; vogue; craze |
| 隔てる | へだてる | to separate (by distance, time, etc.); to isolate; to partition; to divide; to interpose; to have between; to alienate; to estrange |
| 平凡 | へいぼん | ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished; uneventful |
| 平気 | へいき | coolness; calmness; composure; unconcern |
| 弊社 | へいしゃ | our firm; our company (humble) |
| 閉店 | へいてん | closing up shop (for the day); stopping business; going out of business |
| 変換 | へんかん | change; conversion; transformation |
| 変形 | へんけい | transformation; variation; metamorphosis; modification; deformation; variety; deformity; monster |
| 返金 | へんきん | repayment |
| 返品 | へんぴん | returned goods; returning purchased goods |
| 返信 | へんしん | reply |
| 偏食 | へんしょく | unbalanced diet |
| 編集 | へんしゅう | editing; compilation |
| 返送 | へんそう | sending back; return to sender |
| 返答 | へんとう | reply; answer |
| 非 | ひ | (prefix) un-; non-; an- |
| 日当たり | ひあたり | exposure to the sun; sunny place |
| 非凡 | ひぼん | extraordinary; uncommon; remarkable; unusual; rare; prodigious |
| 日々 | ひび | every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days) |
| 必着 | ひっちゃく | must arrive; must be received |
| 日帰り | ひがえり | day trip |
| 日頃 | ひごろ | normally; habitually |
| 引き込む | ひきこむ | to pull into; to draw in; to bring in; to win over |
| 引き止める | ひきとめる | to detain; to check; to restrain |
| 引き取る | ひきとる | to take into one’s possession; to receive; to accept; to collect; to claim; to take (a person) into one’s care; to take custody of; to adopt |
| 引き続き | ひきつずき | continuously; continually; without a break; next; then; after that |
| 引き渡す | ひきわたす | to deliver; to extradite; to stretch across; to hand over |
| 引っかかる | ひっかかる | to be caught in; to be stuck in; to get mixed up in (trouble); to get entangled in (a problem); to be involved with |
| 筆記 | ひっき | (taking) notes; copying; writing |
| 非公式 | ひこうしき | informal; unofficial |
| 惹く | ひく | to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest) |
| 卑怯 | ひきょう | cowardice; meanness; unfairness |
| 非難 | ひんあん | criticism; blame; censure; attack; reproach |
| 避難 | ひんあん | taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven |
| 品質 | ひんしつ | (material) quality |
| 比例 | ひれい | proportion |
| 広場 | ひろば | plaza; (public) square; piazza; forum; open space |
| 広々 | ひろびろ | extensive; spacious |
| 広がり | ひろがり | spread; span; expanse; extent |
| 広げる | ひろげる | to spread; to extend; to expand; to enlarge; to widen; to broaden; to unfold; to open; to unroll; to unwrap |
| 秘書 | ひしょ | (private) secretary; treasured book; secret book |
| 潜む | ひそむ | to lurk; to be hidden; to be concealed; to lie dormant; to be latent |
| 筆者 | ひっしゃ | writer; author |
| ひそひそ | ー | in a whisper; in a low voice; in undertones |
| 密か | ひそか | secret; private; surreptitious |
| 秘する | ひする | to keep secret; to conceal |
| ひたすら | ー | intently; single‐mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one’s heart |
| 人前 | ひとまえ | presence of other people; (in) public; (in) front of others |
| ひと昔 | ひとむかし | ages; long time; decade; the past ten years |
| 一人残らず | ひとりんおこらず | everyone |
| 必要不可欠 | ひつようふかけつ | essential; indispensable; imperative; necessary; compelling, vital, critical |
| 冷やす | ひやす | to cool (from room temperature); to chill; to refrigerate; to calm down; to cool off; to regain one’s composure; to relax; to be frightened (at); to be scared (of) |
| 日差し | ひざし | sunlight; rays of the sun |
| 保護者 | ほごしゃ | guardian; protector; patron; parent |
| 保育園 | ほいくえん | nursery school; day nursery; preschool |
| 保育所 | ほいくしょ | nursery school; nursery |
| 補助 | ほじょ | assistance; support; aid; help; subsidy; supplement; subvention; grant-in-aid |
| 歩行 | ほこう | walk |
| 本番 | ほんばん | performance; take; going before an audience or on-air; game; season; crucial moment |
| 本業 | ほんぎょう | principal occupation; core business |
| 本格 | ほんかく | original method or procedure; serious; orthodox; classical; genuine |
| 本日 | ほんじつ | today |
| 本来 | ほんらい | originally; primarily; essentially; intrinsically; naturally; by nature; in (and of) itself |
| 本社 | ほんしゃ | head office; main office; headquarters; parent company; this company; this shrine |
| 本心 | ほんしん | true feelings |
| 保守 | ほしゅ | maintenance; conservatism; conservativeness; conservation |
| 補足 | ほそく | supplement; complement |
| 細長い | ほそんあがい | long and narrow |
| 舗装 | ほそう | pavement; road surface |
| 欲する | ほっする | to want; to desire |
| 包丁 | ほうちょう | kitchen knife; carving knife |
| 報道 | ほうどう | information; report; journalism; news |
| 放映 | ほうえい | televising; broadcasting; airing |
| 放課後 | ほうかご | after school |
| 子供たちは、放課後集まって宿題をしている | ー | 子供たちは、放課後集まって宿題をしている。 |
| 報告書 | ほうこくしょ | (written) report |
| 方面 | ほうめん | direction; district; area |
| 方針 | ほうしん | policy; plan; course; principle; objective |
| 表示 | ひょうじ | indication; expression; showing; manifestation; demonstration; display; displaying |
| 評論 | ひょうろん | criticism; critique |
| 表紙 | ひょうし | cover (of a book, magazine, etc.); binding |
| 異 | い | (prefix) different |
| 居場所 | いばしょ | whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself |
| いちいち | ー | one-by-one; separately; every single; each and every; without omission; fully; in detail |
| 一段 | いちだん | more; much more; still more; all the more |
| 一段落 | いちだんらく | reaching a stopping place; settling down (before the next stage); getting to a point where one can rest; completing the first stage (of the work) |
| 一面 | いちめん | one face; one surface; the whole surface; one aspect; one side; (on) the other hand |
| 一覧 | いちらん | look; glance; sight; inspection; summary; list; table; catalog; catalogue |
| 一例 | いちれい | example; an instance |
| 一時休業 | いちじきゅうぎょう | temporary suspension (of business); brief shutdown |
| 著しい | いちじるしい | striking; remarkable; considerable |
| 一助 | いちじょ | help; assistance |
| 遺伝 | いでん | heredity; (genetic) inheritance |
| 遺伝子 | いでんし | gene; genetic |
| 意外性 | いがいせい | unpredictability; element of surprise |
| 意義 | いぎ | meaning; significance |
| 居心地 | いごこち | comfort |
| いい加減 | いいかげん | irresponsible; perfunctory; careless; lukewarm; half-baked; halfhearted; vague; reasonable; moderate |
| 言い訳 | いいわけ | excuse; explanation |
| 意地悪 | いじわる | malicious; ill-tempered; unkind |
| 怒り | いかり | anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation |
| 生かす | いかす | to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to leverage (skills, attributes, experience, etc.); to capitalise on (experience, etc.) |
| 生き生き | いきいき | in a lively way; vividly; freshly; animatedly; actively; energetically |
| いきなり | ー | abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning |
| 生き残る | いきんおこる | to survive |
| 息抜き | いきんうき | taking a breather; relaxation; vent hole |
| 一見 | いっけん | look; glimpse; glance; apparently; seemingly |
| 一気に | いっきんい | in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; without stopping; without pausing; without resting; in one sitting; at a stretch; all at once |
| 一向に | いっこうんい | completely; absolutely; totally; (not) at all; (not) a bit; (not) in the least; earnestly; intently; determinedly |
| 移行 | いこう | switching over to; migration; transition |
| 育児 | いくじ | childcare; child-rearing; nursing; upbringing |
| 育成 | いくせい | rearing; training; nurture; cultivation; promotion |
| いまいち | ー | not quite (right); not very good; somewhat (lacking) |
| 印鑑 | いんかん | stamp; seal |
| 飲料水 | いんりょうすい | drinking water |
| 印刷物 | いんさつぶつ | printed matter |
| 飲食店 | いんしょくてん | restaurant |
| 一方的 | いっぽうてき | one-sided; unilateral; arbitrary |
| 入れ込む | いれこむ | to put in; to place inside; to push into; to stuff into; to be enthusiastic; to be engrossed |
| 入り替える | いりかえる | to replace; to substitute; to shift; to change places |
| 衣装 | いしょう | clothing; costume; outfit; garment; dress |
| 急ぎ | いそぎ | haste; hurry; expedition; speed; dispatch |
| 一斉に | いっせいんい | simultaneously; all at once; in unison |
| 傷む | いたむ | to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged |
| 意図 | いと | intention; aim; design |
| 嫌々 | いやいや | unwillingly; grudgingly; reluctantly |
| 意欲 | いよく | will; desire; ambition; urge (e.g. creative urge) |
| 痛ましい | いたましい | pitiful; heartbreaking; heartrending; touching; tragic; sad; hurtful |
| 痛める | いためる | to hurt; to injure; to cause pain; to harm; to damage; to spoil |
| 一斉に | いっせいんい | simultaneously; all at once; in unison |
| 一色 | いっしょく | same tendency; everyone being caught up in the same thing; one color |
| 移転 | いてん | moving; relocation; change of address; transfer (of deeds, property, etc.); demise |
| 一旦 | いったん | once; for a short time; briefly; temporarily |
| 一定 | いってい | fixed; settled; constant; definite; uniform; regularized; regularised; defined; standardized; standardised; certain; prescribed |
| 一転 | いってん | complete change; reversal; sudden transformation |
| 居酒屋 | いざかや | izakaya; Japanese bar that also serves various dishes and snacks |
| 依然 | いぜん | still; as yet; as it has been |
| 事物 | じぶつ | things; affairs |
| 実地 | じっち | practice (as opposed to theory); actual practice; actual site; (at) the scene; (on) the spot |
| 自治体 | じちたい | municipality; local government; self-governing body; autonomous body |
| 児童 | じどう | children; juvenile |
| 次回 | じかい | next time (occasion) |
| 事業 | じぎょう | project; enterprise; business; industry; operations; venture; service |
| 時事 | じじ | events of the day; current affairs |
| 次回 | じかい | next time (occasion) |
| 時間帯 | じかんたい | period of time; time slot; time zone |
| 自覚 | じかく | self-consciousness; self-awareness |
| 実感 | じっかん | real feeling; actual feeling |
| 実験者 | じっけんしゃ | experimenter; researcher |
| じっくり | ー | deliberately; carefully; thoroughly; without rushing |
| 自己 | じこ | self; oneself |
| 時給 | じきゅう | hourly pay; hourly wage |
| 地元 | じもと | home area; home town; local |
| 人工物 | じんこうぶつ | artificial object; man-made object; artifact; artefact |
| 人工知能 | じんこうちんおう | artificial intelligence; AI |
| 人材 | じんざい | capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel |
| 事例 | じれい | example; precedent; case |
| 自律 | じりつ | autonomy (philosophy); self-control |
| 持参 | じさん | bringing; taking; carrying |
| 自社 | じしゃ | one’s company; company one works for |
| 実質 | じっしつ | substance; essence; real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate); substantive; substantial; essential; tangible |
| 自主 | じしゅ | independence; autonomy; self-reliance |
| 自習 | じしゅう | self-study; teaching oneself |
| 実績 | じっせき | achievements; actual results; accomplishments; past results; track record |
| 実践 | じっせん | practice; putting into practice; implementation |
| 実施 | じっし | enforcement; implementation; putting into practice; carrying out; operation; working (e.g. working parameters); enactment |
| 自体 | じたい | itself |
| 辞退 | じたい | declining; refusal; nonacceptance; turning down; withdrawal (e.g. of candidacy); pulling out (e.g. of a race); excusing oneself |
| 時点 | じてん | point in time; occasion |
| 事典 | じてん | encyclopedia; cyclopedia |
| 事前 | じぜん | prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante |
| 慈善 | じぜん | charity; philanthropy |
| 持続 | じぞく | continuation; persisting; lasting; sustaining; enduring |
| じたばた | ー | (kicking and) struggling; wriggling; floundering |
| 序列 | じょれつ | rank; ranking order; hierarchy |
| 助手席 | じょしゅせき | passenger seat; assistant driver’s seat |
| 上部 | じょうぶ | top part; surface |
| 上半身 | じょうはんしん | upper half of (one’s) body; upper body; bust |
| 蒸発 | じょうはつ | evaporation; disappearance (of people intentionally concealing their whereabouts); unexplained disappearance |
| 上位 | じょうい | superior (in rank); top; ranking |
| 情景 | じょうけい | spectacle; sight; scene |
| 上級者 | じょうきゅうしゃ | advanced student; advanced learner; advanced practitioner; experienced person |
| 常温 | じょうおん | normal temperature; room temperature |
| 上陸 | じょうりく | landing; disembarkation; landfall |
| 乗車 | じょうしゃ | boarding (a train, bus, etc.); getting into (e.g. a taxi) |
| 上司 | じょうし | (one’s) superior; (one’s) boss; the higher-ups |
| 上昇 | じょうしょう | rising; ascending; climbing |
| 錠剤 | じょうざい | pill; lozenge; tablet |
| 受動的 | じゅどうてき | passive |
| 受験生 | じゅけんせい | student preparing for or taking examinations (usu. entrance exams); test-taker |
| 受講 | じゅこう | taking (attending) lectures |
| 塾 | じゅく | coaching school; cramming school; juku |
| 寿命 | じゅみょう | life span |
| 順位 | じゅんい | order; rank; position (e.g. in a race); precedence |
| 循環 | じゅんかん | circulation; rotation; cycle; loop |
| 順に | じゅんんい | in order; in turn; one by one |
| 順序 | じゅんじょ | order; sequence; procedure |
| 順応 | じゅっんおう | adaptation; accommodation; conforming; adjustment; acclimatization |
| 純粋 | じゅんすい | pure; true; genuine; unmixed |
| 受診 | じゅしん | having a medical examination; seeing a doctor |
| 受賞 | じゅしょう | winning (a prize) |
| 充電 | じゅうでん | charging (electrically) |
| 充実感 | じゅうじつかん | sense of fulfillment; sense of completeness; sense of accomplishment; sense of contentment |
| 充満 | じゅうまん | being filled with; being full of; permeation |
| 柔軟 | じゅうんあん | flexible; lithe; soft; pliable |
| 充実 | じゅうじつ | fullness; completion; perfection; enhancement; improvement; enrichment; upgrading |
| 充実感 | じゅうじつかん | sense of fulfillment; sense of completeness; sense of accomplishment; sense of contentment |
| 住宅地 | じゅうたくち | housing district; residential district |
| 重役 | じゅうやく | (company) director; executive; top management; important post; role with heavy responsibilities |
| 課 | か | lesson; section (in an organization); division; department; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book) |
| 価値観 | かちかん | sense of values; values; value system |
| 課題 | かだい | subject; theme; issue; matter; homework; assignment; task; challenge; problem; question |
| 過度 | かど | excessive; immoderate |
| 花粉 | かふん | pollen |
| 花粉症 | かふんしょう | hay fever; pollinosis (allergy to pollen) |
| 輝かしい | かがやかしい | brilliant; glorious; glittering; bright; splendid (e.g. achievement, success); promising (e.g. future) |
| 輝き | かがやき | brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter |
| 過激 | かげき | extreme; radical |
| 限り | かぎり | limit; limits; bounds; degree; extent; scope |
| 限りない | かぎりんあい | eternal; unlimited; endless |
| 嗅ぐ | かぐ | to sniff; to smell |
| 下位 | かい | low rank; lower position; subordinate position; lower order (e.g. byte) |
| 開封 | かいふう | opening (an envelope or parcel); breaking the seal; unsealed letter |
| 介護 | かいご | nursing; care; caregiving; caring |
| 介護施設 | かいごしせつ | nursing home; rest home |
| 開発 | かいはつ | development; exploitation |
| 解放 | かいほう | release; unleashing; liberation; emancipation; setting free |
| 開放感 | かいほうかん | sense of space; spaciousness |
| 会員証 | かいいんしょう | membership card; membership certificate |
| 開会 | かいかい | opening of a meeting |
| 会見 | かいけん | interview; audience; meeting; (viewing) party |
| 解決策 | かいけつさく | solution; solution strategy |
| 開幕 | かいまく | raising the curtain; opening (of an event); start of a season |
| 皆無 | かいむ | nonexistent; nil; none; nothing (at all); bugger-all |
| 飼い主 | かいんうし | shepherd; (pet) owner |
| 回覧 | かいらん | circulation (esp. documents); sending round |
| 改良 | かいりょう | improvement; reform |
| 開催 | かいさい | holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics) |
| 解散 | かいさん | breaking up (e.g. meeting); dispersing (e.g. crowd); dissolving (company, organization, etc.); liquidating; disbanding |
| 改正 | かいせい | revision; amendment; alteration |
| 開設 | かいせつ | establishment; opening; setting up; inauguration |
| 解説 | かいせつ | explanation; commentary; exposition; elucidation |
| 買い占める | かいしめる | to buy up |
| 解消 | かいしょう | cancellation; liquidation; resolution; reduction (e.g. of stress) |
| 海水浴 | かいすいよく | swimming in the ocean; sea bathing; seawater bath; going for a dip in the ocean |
| 回数 | かいすう | number of times; frequency; count |
| 改訂 | かいてい | revision (of text); alteration; change |
| 回転 | かいてん | rotation (usu. around something); revolution; turning |
| 開店 | かいてん | opening a new shop; opening a shop (for the day) |
| 回答 | かいとう | reply; answer |
| 解約 | かいやく | cancellation of contract |
| 果実 | かじつ | fruit; nut; berry; profit |
| 過剰 | かじょう | excess; surplus; superabundance; overabundance |
| 係 | かかり | charge; duty; person in charge; official; clerk |
| 欠かせない | かかせんあい | indispensable; vital; fundamental; imperative; crucial |
| 欠かす | かかす | to miss (doing); to fail (to do) |
| 関わり合う | かかわりあう | to get involved or entangled in; to get mixed up in; to have something to do with; to have dealings with |
| 下記 | かき | the following |
| 夏期 | かき | summer term (e.g. school); summer period |
| 格好つける | かっこうつける | to affect a stylish air; to try to look good; to show off |
| 隔 | かく | every other; second; alternate |
| 格別 | かくべつ | particular; special; exceptional; especial |
| 角度 | かくど | angle |
| 確保 | かくほ | securing; obtaining; ensuring; guarantee; maintaining |
| 各位 | かくい | everyone; each and every one (of you); ladies and gentlemen |
| 各自 | かくじ | each (person); everyone; individual; respective |
| 確率 | かくりつ | probability; likelihood; chances |
| 獲得 | かくとく | acquisition; possession |
| 格安 | かくやす | cheap; reasonable |
| 歓迎会 | かんげいかい | welcome party |
| 活発 | かっぱつ | lively; active; vigorous; animated; brisk |
| 係 | かかり | charge; duty; person in charge; official; clerk |
| 係員 | かかりいん | person in charge; official; attendant |
| 駆け抜ける | かけんうける | to run past from behind; to run through (e.g. gate, one’s mind) |
| 拡充 | かくじゅう | expansion |
| 確信 | かくしん | conviction; belief; confidence |
| 確定 | かくてい | decision; settlement |
| 感 | かん | (prefix) feeling; sensation; emotion; admiration; impression |
| 叶う | かんあう | to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to conform to (standards, rules, etc.); to be consistent with |
| 完備 | かんび | (being) fully equipped; (being) fully furnished |
| 勘違い | かんちがい | misunderstanding; mistaken idea; wrong guess |
| 加熱 | かんえつ | heating; application of heat |
| 看護 | かんご | nursing; (army) nurse |
| 看護師 | かんごし | (hospital) nurse; registered nurse |
| 感じ取る | かんじとる | to perceive; to sense; to take in; to grasp; to feel |
| 簡潔 | かんけつ | brevity; conciseness; simplicity |
| 観光地 | かんこうち | tourist attraction; sight-seeing area |
| 観念 | かっんえん | idea; notion; concept; conception; sense (e.g. of duty) |
| 完璧 | かんぺき | perfect; complete; flawless |
| 簡略 | かんりゃく | simple; simplicity; brief; brevity |
| 簡略化 | かんりゃくか | simplification |
| 観戦 | かんせん | watching a (sports) game; spectating; observing (military operations) |
| 観測 | かんそく | observation; survey; measurement |
| 鑑賞 | かんしょう | appreciation (of art, music, poetry, etc.) |
| 観点 | かんてん | point of view |
| 勧誘 | かんゆう | invitation; solicitation; canvassing; canvasing; inducement; persuasion; encouragement |
| 絡む | からむ | to entangle; to entwine; to pick a quarrel; to find fault |
| 仮に | かりんい | supposing; even if; granting that; for argument’s sake; temporarily; provisionally; for the time being |
| 軽々 | かるがる | lightly; easily; carelessly |
| 重なる | かさんある | to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to come one after another; to happen over and over; to pile up (e.g. stress); to accumulate |
| 歌詞 | かし | song lyrics; words of a song; libretto |
| 貸し出し | かしだし | lending; loaning |
| 箇所 | かしょ | passage; place; point; part |
| 加速 | かそく | acceleration; speeding up |
| かすか | ー | faint; dim; weak; slight; vague; indistinct; hazy; poor; wretched; meagre; meager; scanty |
| 課する | かする | to levy; to charge; to assess; to impose; to assign |
| 肩幅 | かたはば | shoulder width (breadth) |
| 傾く | かたむく | to incline toward; to slant; to lurch; to heel over; to be disposed to; to trend toward; to be prone to |
| 語りかける | かたりかける | to make a speech; to address |
| 偏る | かたよる | to lean (to one side); to incline; to be unbalanced (e.g. diet); to be unduly weighted towards; to be concentrated on; to be partial; to be biased; to be prejudiced |
| 片付け | かたずけ | tidying up; finishing |
| 片付く | かたずく | to be put in order; to be put to rights; to be disposed of; to be solved |
| 過程 | かてい | process; course; mechanism |
| 下等 | かとう | inferior; base; vulgar; low grade; lower class |
| 活字 | かつじ | printing type; movable type; printed text; print |
| 活力 | かつりょく | vitality; energy; dynamism |
| 活躍 | かつやく | activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role |
| 可愛がる | かわいがる | to love; to cherish; to be affectionate to; to treat tenderly; to dote on; to show favouritism to; to be partial to |
| 変わった | かわった | another; different; various; particular; unusual; novel; peculiar |
| かゆい | ー | itchy |
| 飾り付け | かざりつけ | decoration; arrangement |
| 数々 | かずかず | many; numerous; various; large number of |
| 数多く | かずおおく | in great numbers |
| 決着 | けっちゃく | conclusion; decision; end; settlement |
| 気配 | けはい | indication; sign; hint; presence; trend |
| 警備 | けいび | defense; defence; guard; policing; security |
| 警備員 | けいびひん | guard; security (officer); guardsman |
| 経営者 | けいえいしゃ | manager; proprietor |
| 軽減 | けいげん | abatement; reduction |
| 経費 | けいひ | expenses; cost; outlay |
| 契機 | けいき | opportunity; chance; trigger; cause |
| 蛍光灯 | けいこうとう | fluorescent lamp; fluorescent light |
| 経理 | けいり | accounting; administration (of money) |
| 掲載 | けいさい | publication (e.g. of an article in a newspaper); carrying (e.g. a story); running (e.g. a serial); insertion (e.g. of an advertisement); printing; posting (e.g. on the web) |
| 軽視 | けいし | making light of; thinking little of; slighting; belittling; dismissing; contempt; disdain |
| 形式 | けいしき | form (as opposed to substance); formality |
| 計測 | けいそく | measuring; measurement |
| 携帯 | けいたい | something carried (in the hand); handheld; portable; mobile telephone; cell phone (abbreviation) |
| 毛糸 | けいと | knitting wool; woollen yarn |
| 系統 | けいとう | system; lineage; ancestry; family line; group (e.g. of colors) (colours); family (e.g. of languages); party; school (of thought) |
| 継続 | けいぞく | continuation |
| 謙虚 | けんきょ | modest; humble |
| 検索 | けんさく | looking up (e.g. a word in a dictionary); retrieval (e.g. data); searching for; referring to |
| 検診 | けんしん | physical examination; medical examination; health checkup; health screening |
| 研修 | けんしゅう | training (esp. in-service); induction course |
| 研修会 | けんしゅうかい | workshop; training course |
| 謙遜 | けんそん | modesty; humility; being humble |
| 決勝 | けっしょう | decision of a contest; finals (in sports) |
| 決勝戦 | けっしょうせん | championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round |
| 桁 | けた | column; beam; girder; crossbeam; spar; yard; digit; decade; order of magnitude |
| 決断 | けつだん | decision; determination |
| 険しい | けわしい | precipitous; rugged; inaccessible; impregnable; steep; grim; severe; stern |
| 削る | けずる | to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to plane; to whittle; to pare; to scrape off; to erode; to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to reduce |
| 気が重い | きがおもい | depressed; bummed out; down; heavy-hearted; heavy-spirited; feeling reluctant (to do) |
| 気が進まない | きがすすまんあい | reluctant to; not inclined to; disinclined; unwilling |
| 気を落とす | きをおとす | to be discouraged; to be disheartened |
| 気を使う | きをつかう | to pay attention to another’s needs; to attend to; to fuss about; to take into consideration |
| 気を失う | きをうしんあう | to lose consciousness; to faint; to black out |
| 機敏 | きびん | clever; shrewd; canny; smart; quick; prompt |
| 規模 | きぼ | scale; scope; plan; structure |
| 気分転換 | きぶんてんかん | change of pace; change of mood; (mental) break (e.g. going for a walk); refreshment |
| きっちり | ー | exactly; precisely; punctually; on the dot; closely; tightly; (fitting) perfectly; properly; without fail |
| 気軽 | きがる | carefree; buoyant; lighthearted; sprightly |
| 器具 | きぐ | utensil; apparatus; implement; device; gadget |
| 期日 | きじつ | fixed date; settlement date |
| 企画 | きかく | planning; project; plan; design |
| 機器 | きき | device; equipment; machinery; apparatus |
| 聞き手 | ききて | hearer; listener; audience; interviewer; questioner |
| 聞き取る | ききとる | to catch (a person’s words); to make out; to follow; to understand |
| 気配り | きくばり | care; attentiveness; attention; consideration (for others); solicitude |
| 決め付ける | きめつける | to fix upon (one-sidedly); to (ignore somebody’s position and) arbitrarily decide something is the case |
| 緊張感 | きんちょうかん | feeling of tension; air of tension; tension; nervousness |
| 金魚 | きんぎょ | goldfish |
| 勤務 | きんむ | service; duty; work |
| 近年 | きっんえん | recent years |
| 近隣 | きんりん | neighborhood; vicinity |
| 絹 | きんう | silk |
| 金融 | きんゆう | finance; financing; credit transacting; loaning of money; circulation of money |
| きっぱり | ー | clearly; plainly; distinctly |
| 気楽 | きらく | carefree; comfortable; at ease; easygoing; happy-go-lucky |
| 切り上げる | きりあげる | to close (at a certain point); to cut short; to stop early; to finish (at a convenient spot); to round up (number) |
| 切り取る | きりとる | to cut off; to excise; to tear off; to cut out; to whittle down; to tear out; to cut down; to amputate |
| 帰省 | きせい | homecoming; returning home |
| 貴社 | きしゃ | your company (honorific) |
| 気象 | きしょう | weather; climate |
| 機種 | きしゅ | type of equipment; model |
| 競う | きそう | to compete; to contend; to vie; to contest |
| 鍛える | きたえる | to forge; to temper; to drill; to train; to discipline |
| 規定 | きてい | stipulation; prescription; provision; regulation; rule |
| 刻み込む | きざみこむ | to etch (name, etc.); to carve (design) |
| 刻む | きざむ | to mince; to cut fine; to chop up; to hash; to shred; to carve; to engrave; to chisel; to notch |
| 傷物 | きずもんお | defective article; damaged goods |
| 個別 | こべつ | particular case; discrete; individual; separate |
| こだわり | ー | obsession; fixation; hangup; determination; fastidiousness; pickiness about (trait, style, etc.); complaining; criticizing |
| 拘る | こだわる | to fuss over; to be particular about |
| 孤独 | こどく | solitude; loneliness; isolation |
| 古風 | こふう | old-fashioned; archaic; antique; antiquated |
| 小金 | こがんえ | small sum of money |
| 小柄 | こがら | small build; small stature; petite |
| 焦げる | こげる | to burn; to scorch; to char; to singe |
| 個人差 | こじんさ | individual differences; personal equation |
| 個々 | ここ | individual; one by one; separate |
| 心地良い | ここちよい | comfortable; pleasant |
| 試み | こころみ | attempt; trial; experiment; endeavour (endeavor); effort; venture; initiative |
| 心強い | こころずよい | heartening; reassuring |
| 快い | こころよい | pleasant; agreeable; comfortable; refreshing |
| 細やか | こまやか | tender; warm; caring; thoughtful; meticulous; detailed; attentive |
| 小物 | こもんお | accessories; small articles |
| 根元/根本 | こんげん | root; source; origin; foundation; base; principle |
| 根性 | こんじょう | willpower; guts; determination; grit; spirit; character; nature; disposition; personality |
| 根気 | こんき | patience; perseverance; persistence; tenacity; energy |
| 今年度 | こっんえんど | this year; this fiscal year; this school year |
| 好ましい | こんおましい | nice; likeable; desirable |
| この度 | こんおたび | this occasion; at this time; now |
| 孤立 | こりつ | isolation; being alone; being friendless |
| 個性 | こせい | individuality; personality; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic |
| 子育て | こそだて | child rearing; child raising; raising children; parenting |
| 応える | こたえる | to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations) |
| 個体 | こたい | individual; specimen |
| 固定 | こてい | fixing (in place); securing; anchoring; fastening down; fixing (e.g. salary, capital); keeping the same |
| 古典 | こてん | classic (work, esp. book); the classics |
| 言葉遣い | ことばずかい | speech; expression; wording; language |
| 事柄 | ことがら | matter; thing; affair; circumstance |
| こつこつ | ー | unflaggingly; steadily; untiringly; laboriously; knocking; tapping; clicking; drumming |
| 高 | こう | (prefix) high |
| 好調 | こうちょう | favorable; promising; satisfactory; in good shape |
| 高度 | こうど | altitude; height; elevation; high-degree; high-grade; advanced; sophisticated; strong |
| 行動力 | こうどうりょく | ability to take action; energy; fire; dynamism; leverage |
| 公演 | こうえん | public performance |
| 校外 | こうがい | out-of-school; off-campus |
| 公害 | こうがい | pollution; public nuisance; contamination |
| 後半 | こうはん | second half; latter half |
| 高品質 | こうひんしつ | high quality |
| 好印象 | こういんしょう | good impression; favorable impression |
| 向上 | こうじょう | elevation; rise; improvement; advancement; progress |
| 恒常 | こうじょう | constancy; permanence |
| 公開 | こうかい | opening to the public; making available to the public; putting on display; exhibiting; showing (play, movie, etc.); holding (interview, etc.); open; public |
| 好感 | こうかん | good feeling; good will; favourable impression; favorable impression |
| 後期 | こうき | latter period; second half; late stage; third trimester; second semester |
| 高級 | こうきゅう | high class; high grade; high rank; seniority |
| 交流会 | こうきゅうかい | gathering; mixer; meetup; assembly; social; exchange meeting |
| 項目 | こうもく | item; heading; category; clause; headword (in a dictionary, encyclopedia, etc.); entry |
| 高熱 | こうんえつ | high fever |
| 光熱費 | こうんえつひ | cost of fuel and lighting; cost of heat and electricity; energy bill; utility cost |
| 好悪 | こうお | likes and dislikes |
| 高齢 | こうれい | advanced age; old age |
| 高齢化 | こうれいか | population ageing (aging) |
| 高齢者 | こうれいしゃ | old person; old people |
| 小売 | こうり | retail |
| 効率 | こうりつ | efficiency |
| 公立 | こうりつ | public (institution) |
| 効力 | こうりょく | effect; efficacy; validity; potency |
| 工作 | こうさく | handicraft; work; construction; manufacturing; maneuvering; manoeuvering |
| 考察 | こうさつ | consideration; inquiry; enquiry; investigation; study |
| 公正 | こうせい | justice; fairness; impartiality |
| 光線 | こうせん | beam; light ray |
| 講師 | こうし | lecturer |
| 更新 | こうしん | renewal; update; innovation; improvement |
| 公衆 | こうしゅう | the public; general public |
| 高層 | こうそう | multistory; multistoried; high-rise; high; tall |
| 香水 | こうすい | perfume |
| 交代 | こうたい | alternation; change; relief; relay; shift; substitution (sports, etc.); taking turns |
| 肯定 | こうてい | affirmation |
| 紅葉 | こうよう | autumn colours; fall colors; leaves changing color |
| 効用 | こうよう | use; utility; effect; benefit |
| 口座 | こうざ | account (e.g. bank) |
| 講座 | こうざ | course (e.g. of lectures); academic teaching unit; lectureship; professorial chair |
| 構造 | こうぞう | structure; construction; makeup; framework; organization; pattern |
| 小遣い | こずかい | pocket money; spending money; pin money; allowance |
| 怖がる | こわがる | to be afraid of; to fear; to dread; to be nervous (about); to be shy (of) |
| 苦 | く | pain; anguish; suffering; distress; anxiety; worry; trouble; difficulty; hardship |
| 砕く | くだく | to break, to smash |
| くどい | ー | verbose; importunate; wordy; repetitious; long-winded; heavy (taste); rich; strong; cloying; gaudy; loud |
| 区切り | くぎり | punctuation; pause; juncture; end; (place to) stop |
| 苦情 | くじょう | complaint; troubles; objection; grievance |
| 組み替える | くみかえる | to rearrange (classes); to recompose; to reset; to recombine (genes) |
| 組み込む | くみこむ | to insert; to include; to incorporate; to cut in (printing) |
| 暗闇 | くらやみ | darkness; the dark |
| 繰り返し | くりかえし | repetition; repeat; reiteration; iteration; refrain; cycle; repeatedly |
| 車椅子 | くるまいす | wheelchair; folding push-chair |
| 苦戦 | くせん | hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest |
| 国々 | くんいぐんい | countries |
| くしゃみ | ー | sneeze |
| くたくた | ー | exhausted; tired; withered; worn out |
| 空洞 | くうどう | cave; hollow; cavity |
| 空間 | くうかん | space; room; airspace |
| 空席 | くうせき | empty seat; unoccupied seat; vacancy; vacant post |
| 空想 | くうそう | daydream; fantasy; fancy; vision |
| 悔やむ | くやむ | to mourn; to lament; to be sorry; to regret; to repent |
| 崩す | くずす | to destroy; to demolish; to pull down; to tear down; to level; to break (a bill); to change; to make change |
| 客観的 | きゃっかんてき | objective |
| 客席 | きゃくせき | guest seating (e.g. theater, stadium); passenger seat (e.g. taxi); audience |
| 拒否 | きょひ | refusal; rejection; denial; veto |
| 曲線 | きょくせん | curve |
| 極端 | きょくたん | extreme; extremity |
| 強風 | きょうふう | strong wind; high wind; moderate gale |
| 教員 | きょういん | teacher; instructor; teaching staff; faculty member |
| 強弱 | きょうじゃく | strength and weakness; (degree of) strength; stress (of a sound); loudness |
| 強化 | きょうか | strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification |
| 協会 | きょうかい | association; society; organization; organisation |
| 教師 | きょうし | teacher (classroom) |
| 恐縮 | きょうしゅく | feeling obliged; being grateful; being thankful; being sorry; being ashamed |
| 教養 | きょうよう | cultivation; refinement; culture; education |
| 共有 | きょうゆう | joint ownership; co-ownership; sharing (e.g. a viewpoint) |
| 旧 | きゅう | ex-; former; old |
| 休暇明け | きゅうかあけ | post-vacation |
| 急病 | きゅうびょう | sudden illness |
| 休業 | きゅうぎょう | closed (e.g. store); business suspended; shutdown; holiday |
| 求人 | きゅうじん | recruiting; job offer; job vacancy |
| 休養 | きゅうよう | rest; break; recreation; recuperation; convalescence |
| 急増 | きゅうぞう | rapid increase; proliferation; surge; explosion |
| 町並み | まちんあみ | townscape; street (of stores and houses); (look of) stores and houses on street |
| まぶた | ー | eyelid; eyelids |
| 間近 | まぢか | proximity; nearness; soon; nearby |
| 窓際 | まどぎわ | (at the) window |
| 窓口 | まどぐち | ticket window; teller window; counter; contact person; point of contact |
| 魔法 | まほう | magic; witchcraft; sorcery |
| 前向き | まえむき | front-facing; forward-looking; positive; constructive |
| 間際 | まぎわ | the point just before; the point of doing; the verge of happening |
| 巻き込む | まきこむ | to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into |
| まく | ー | to scatter; to sprinkle; to strew |
| 真似る | まんえる | to mimic; to imitate |
| 満員 | まんいん | full house; no vacancy; sold out; standing room only; full (of people); crowded |
| 満足度 | まんぞくど | (degree of) satisfaction |
| 稀 | まれ | rare, seldom |
| 真っ先 | まっさき | the head; the foremost; beginning; the very front |
| 真っ白 | まっしろ | pure white |
| まとめる | ー | to collect; to put (it all) together; to integrate; to consolidate; to unify; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize; to settle; to put in order |
| 目 | め | (suffix) ordinal number suffix |
| 目に触れる (me ni fureru | ー | 目に触れる (me ni fureru) |
| 目新しい | めあたらしい | original; novel; new |
| 目当て | めあて | mark; guide; landmark; purpose; aim; goal; intention; end |
| 目立つ | めだつ | to be conspicuous; to stand out |
| 恵み | めぐみ | blessing; grace |
| 恵む | めぐむ | to bless; to show mercy to; to give (money, etc.) |
| 名簿 | めいぼ | register of names; list of names; roll; register; roster |
| 名物 | めいぶつ | famous product; special product; speciality; specialty |
| 名産 | めいさん | noted product; local specialty |
| 名刺 | めいし | business card |
| 明示 | めいじ | elucidation; explicit statement; specification |
| 明確 | めいかく | clear; precise; definite; distinct |
| 名門 | めいもん | noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc. |
| 明瞭 | めいりょう | clear; plain; distinct; obvious; evident; articulate |
| 名所 | めいしょ | famous place |
| 目印 | めじるし | mark; sign; landmark; benchmark |
| 面会 | めんかい | meeting (face-to-face); interview |
| 面する | めんする | to face on; to look out on to |
| 目線 | めせん | one’s gaze; point of view; standpoint |
| 目覚める | めざめる | to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to become conscious of; to realize; to come to one’s senses |
| 未 | み | (prefix) not yet; un- |
| 見合う | みあう | to exchange glances; to correspond; to counterbalance |
| 身振り手振り | みぶりてぶり | gestures; gesturing |
| 密着 | みっちゃく | close adhesion; sticking firmly to; being glued to |
| 道案内 | みちあっんあい | guidance; showing the way; guide; guidepost; signpost; waymark |
| 導く | みちびく | to guide; to lead; to show the way; to conduct |
| 道のり | みちんおり | distance; journey; itinerary; path (e.g. to one’s goal); way; process; route; road |
| 乱れる | みだれる | to be disordered; to be disarranged; to be disarrayed; to be disheveled; to be dishevelled |
| 見出し | みだし | heading; headline; title; caption |
| 見張る | みはる | to stand watch; to stand guard; to look out |
| 見直す | みんあおす | to look at again; to re-examine; to get a better opinion of; to see in a more positive light |
| 見慣れる | みんあれる | to become used to seeing; to be familiar with |
| 民家 | みんか | private house |
| 見逃す | みんおがす | to miss; to overlook; to fail to notice; to let pass (a matter); to overlook (e.g. a wrongdoing); to turn a blind eye to |
| 身の回り | みんおまわり | one’s personal belongings; one’s vicinity; one’s daily life; everyday necessities |
| 民族 | みんぞく | people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos |
| 密閉 | みっぺい | shutting tightly; sealing something airtight |
| 密接 | みっせつ | close (relationship, connection, etc.); intimate; near; close (together) |
| 満たす | みたす | to satisfy (conditions, one’s appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to gratify |
| 見通し | みとおし | unobstructed view; perspective; visibility; vista; forecast; outlook; prospect; prediction; insight; foresight |
| 見積書 | みつもりしょ | written estimate; quotation; quote |
| 見積もる | みつもる | to estimate |
| 見分ける | みわける | to distinguish; to recognize; to recognise; to tell apart; to differentiate (both figuratively and visually) |
| 見渡す | みわたす | to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of |
| 溝 | みぞ | ditch; drain; gutter; trench; groove; tread; gap (between people, countries, etc.); gulf |
| 持ち出す | もちだす | to take out; to carry out; to bring out from where it belongs; to mention something; to broach a topic; to bring up (a subject) |
| 持ち込む | もちこむ | to take something into …; to bring in; to carry in |
| 持ち主 | もちんうし | owner; proprietor; possessor (e.g. of talent, beauty, etc.) |
| 潜る | もぐる | to dive (into or under water); to get under; to get into; to get in; to creep into; to crawl under; to bury oneself; to burrow into; to dig oneself into; to snuggle under |
| 模範 | もはん | exemplar; model; example; pattern |
| 模型 | もけい | model; dummy; maquette |
| 木製 | もくせい | wooden; made of wood |
| 目的地 | もくてきち | place of destination |
| 木材 | もくざい | lumber; timber; wood |
| 問題点 | もんだいてん | the problem (at issue); the point at issue; problematic issue; problem |
| 物真似 | もんおまんえ | mimicry; imitation (of someone, something) |
| 物足りない | もんおたりんあい | unsatisfied; unsatisfactory; insufficient |
| 盛り上がる | もりあがる | to swell; to rise; to bulge; to be piled up; to rouse; to get excited |
| もったいない | ー | wasteful; a waste; impious; profane; sacrilegious; too good; more than one deserves; unworthy of |
| 猛 | もう | (prefix): extreme; severe |
| 催し | もよおし | event; festivities; function; social gathering; auspices; opening; holding (a meeting) |
| 最寄り | もより | nearest; neighboring; nearby |
| 無 | む/ぶ | (prefix) un-; non- |
| 無縁 | むえん | unrelated; irrelevant; indifferent; without relations (esp. of a deceased person); having no surviving relativescho |
| 無限 | むげん | infinity; infinitude; eternity; infinite; limitless |
| 無意識 | むいしき | unconsciousness; unconscious; involuntary; automatic; mechanical; unintentional; spontaneous |
| 無条件 | むじょうけん | unconditional |
| 矛盾 | むじゅん | contradiction; inconsistency |
| 無関係 | むかんけい | unrelated |
| 無関心 | むかんしん | apathetic; indifferent |
| 昔話 | むかしばんあし | old tale; folk tale; legend; reminiscence |
| むかつく | ー | to feel irritated; to feel offended; to feel angry; to feel sick; to feel nauseous |
| 向き合う | むきあう | to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face |
| 無口 | むくち | taciturn; reticent; quiet; silent; untalkative |
| 無給 | むきゅう | unpaid; nonsalaried |
| 無線 | むせん | radio (communication); wireless; not using wires |
| 蒸し暑い | むしあつい | humid; sultry |
| 結びつく | むすびつく | to be related; to be connected; to be joined together; to result in; to lead to; to bring about |
| 無数 | むすう | innumerable; countless; numberless |
| 傾らか | んあだらか | gently sloping; gentle; easy; smooth |
| 長続き | んあがつずき | lasting long; continuation; keeping at (something); sticking to (something) |
| 嘆く | んあげく | to lament; to grieve; to regret; to deplore |
| 和やか | んあごやか | mild; calm; gentle; quiet; congenial; amicable; amiable; friendly; genial; harmonious; peaceful |
| 内 | んあい | (suffix) inside; within |
| 内部 | んあいぶ | interior; inside; internal |
| 内包 | んあいほう | connotation; comprehension; intension; inclusion; containment within |
| 内線 | んあいせん | phone extension; indoor wiring; inner line |
| 中庭 | んあかんいわ | courtyard; quadrangle; middle court |
| 生中継 | んあまちゅうけい | live broadcast (radio, TV); live coverage |
| 滑らか | んあめらか | smooth (of a surface); glassy; velvety; soft |
| 何度も | んあんども | many times over; often |
| 軟弱 | んあんじゃく | weakness |
| 何らか | んあんらか | some; any; in any way; of some kind; of some sort |
| 慣れ | んあれ | practice; practising; experience |
| 成り立つ | んありたつ | to consist of; to be made up of; to be composed of; to be concluded |
| 成し遂げる | んあしとげる | to accomplish; to finish; to fulfill |
| 悩み | んあやみ | trouble; troubles; worry; distress; sorrows; anguish; agony; problem |
| 名づける | んあずける | to name; to call; to christen; to term |
| 値上がり | んえあがり | price advance; increase in value |
| 値引き | んえびき | price reduction; discount |
| 根っこ | んえっこ | root (of a plant); stump (of a tree); root (of a problem, etc.); base; foundation; origin; source |
| 寝転がる | んえころがる | to lie down; to throw oneself down |
| 年度 | んえんど | fiscal year (usu. April 1 to March 31 in Japan); financial year; academic year; school year |
| 年金 | んえんきん | annuity; pension |
| 年内 | んえっんあい | by the end of the year |
| 狙う | んえらう | to aim at; to be after (something); to have an eye on |
| 熱する | んえっする | to heat up; to heat |
| 根強い | んえずよい | firmly rooted; deep-seated |
| 鈍い | んいぶい | dull (e.g. a knife); blunt; thickheaded; obtuse; stupid |
| 日用品 | んいちようひん | daily necessities |
| 濁る | んいごる | to become muddy; to become cloudy; to get impure (of a liquid, gas, etc.) |
| 日課 | んいっか | daily lesson; daily work; daily routine |
| 憎い | んいくい | hateful; abominable; poor-looking; detestable |
| 憎しみ | んいくしみ | hatred |
| 認識 | んいんしき | recognition; awareness; perception; understanding; knowledge; cognition; cognizance; cognisance |
| 偽物 | んいせもんお | spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham |
| 日数 | んいっすう | a number of days |
| 荷造り | んいずくり | packing; baling; crating |
| 乗り越える | んおりこえる | to climb over; to get over; to ride across; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake |
| 乗り継ぐ | んおりつぐ | to connect (with a different flight, train, etc.); to make a connection; to change (planes, trains, etc.) |
| 農園 | んおうえん | plantation |
| 納品 | んおうひん | delivery of goods |
| 濃厚 | んおうこ | rich (in flavor, color, smell, etc.); thick; dense; strong |
| 能率 | んおうりつ | efficiency |
| 農作物 | んおうさくぶつ | crops; agricultural produce |
| 農薬 | んおうやく | agricultural chemical (i.e. pesticide, herbicide, fungicide, etc.); agrochemical; agrichemical |
| 覗く | んおぞく | to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look atr |
| 入会 | んゆうかい | admission; joining; enrollment; enrolment |
| 入会金 | んゆうかいきん | initiation fee; admission fee |
| 入金 | んゆうきん | deposit; payment; money received; money due |
| 入居 | んゆうきょ | moving into (house) |
| 入居者 | んゆうきょしゃ | tenant (esp. residential tenant in apartment block); occupant; inhabitant; inmate |
| 入門 | んゆうもん | entering an institution; beginning training; primer; manual; introduction (to) |
| 乳製品 | んゆうせいひん | dairy products |
| 覚え書き | おぼえがき | memo; memorandum; note |
| 落ち込む | おちこむ | to feel down; to feel sad; to be depressed; to be in low spirits; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition |
| 驚き | おどろき | surprise; astonishment; wonder; amazement |
| 補う | おぎんあう | to compensate for; to supplement |
| 追い返す | おいかえす | to drive away; to turn away; to send away; to repel; to repulse |
| 追い求める | おいもとめる | to pursue |
| 追い越す | おいこす | to pass (e.g. car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to get ahead of; to outdistance |
| 追い抜く | おいんうく | to pass (a car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to outdistance; to outsail |
| おかしな | ー | ridiculous; odd |
| 臆病 | おくびょう | cowardly; timid; easily frightened |
| 屋外 | おくがい | outdoors; alfresco |
| 遅れ | おくれ | delay; lag; postponement; falling behind |
| 奥底 | おくそこ | depths; bottom (of one’s heart) |
| 思いがけない | おもいがけんあい | unexpected; contrary to expectations; by chance; casual |
| 思い返す | おもいかえす | to re-think; to think back upon; to change one’s mind |
| 思い切り | おもいきり | with all one’s strength; with all one’s heart; to the utmost; resolution; decisiveness |
| 思い込み | おもいこみ | wrong impression; subjective impression; assumption; prejudice |
| 思い立つ | おもいたつ | to set one’s mind on doing; to get the idea of doing; to make up one’s mind |
| 思いつき | おもいつき | plan; idea; suggestion |
| 思いつく | おもいつく | to think of; to hit upon; to come into one’s mind; to be struck with an idea; to remember; to recall |
| 思い浮かぶ | おもいうかぶ | to occur to; to remind of; to come to mind |
| 重苦しい | おもくるしい | heavy; gloomy; awkward; cumbrous; oppressive; leaden |
| 重み | おもみ | weight |
| お似合い | おんいあい | well-matched (esp. of a couple); becoming; suitable |
| 恩恵 | おんけい | grace; favor; favour; blessing; benefit |
| 温厚 | おんこう | gentle; mild-mannered |
| 音量 | おんりょう | volume (sound) |
| 大通り | おおどおり | main street |
| 大げさ | おおげさ | grandiose; exaggerated |
| 大声 | おおごえ | loud voice |
| 大幅 | おおはば | big; large; drastic; substantial |
| 多く | おおく | many; much; largely; abundantly; mostly |
| 多目に | おおめんい | plenty; lots |
| 大手 | おおて | major company; big company |
| 折り返し | おりかえし | by return; (call or write back) without delay |
| 折り畳む | おりたたむ | to fold up; to fold into layers |
| 収まる | おさまる | to fit into (a box, frame, category, etc.); to be contained within; to fall within (e.g. a budget) |
| 納める | おさめる | to dedicate; to make an offering; to pay (fees) |
| おしゃれ | ー | smartly dressed; stylish; fashion-conscious; someone smartly dressed; to dress up; to be fashionable |
| 惜しい | おしい | regrettable; disappointing; unfortunate; precious; dear; valuable |
| 押し付ける | おしつける | to press; to push; to force; to foist on (task, responsibility); to impose (one’s will) |
| 教わる | おそわる | to be taught (by); to learn from |
| お勧め | おすすめ | recommendation; advice; suggestion; encouragement |
| お手本 | おてほん | example; role model |
| お手数 | おてすう | trouble; bother |
| お得 | おとく | economical; bargain; good value; good-value |
| 大人しい | おとんあしい | obedient; docile; quiet |
| 訪れる | おとずれる | to visit; to call on; to arrive; to come; to appear |
| 欧米 | おうべい | Europe and America; the West |
| 応募者 | おうぼしゃ | applicant |
| 応答 | おうとう | reply; answer; response |
| 親子 | おやこ | parent and child |
| および | ー | and; as well as |
| 来日 | らいんいち | arrival in Japan; coming to Japan; visit to Japan |
| 来学期 | らいがっき | next semester |
| 来場 | らいじょう | attendance |
| 来場者 | らいじょうしゃ | those attending |
| 来年度 | らいんえんど | next year; next fiscal year |
| 来店 | らいてん | coming to a store (restaurant, bar, shop, etc.) |
| 来店者 | らいてんしゃ | visitor (to a shop or restaurant); customer (visiting a store or restaurant); patron |
| 楽観 | らっかん | optimism; taking an optimistic view |
| 欄 | らん | section (e.g. in a newspaper); column; page; field (in a form, web page, etc.); blank |
| 乱暴 | らんぼう | violence; assault; running riot; rough (e.g. handling); reckless; careless; coarse; rude; unreasonable (e.g. demand); wild (e.g. argument) |
| 冷房 | れいぼう | cooling; air-conditioning |
| 例外 | れいがい | exception |
| 礼儀作法 | れいぎさほう | etiquette; courtesy |
| 冷水 | れいすい | cold water |
| 恋愛 | れんあい | love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections |
| 連休 | れんきゅう | consecutive holidays |
| 理解力 | りかいりょく | (power of) understanding; comprehensive faculty |
| 理系 | りけい | science |
| 陸上 | りくじょう | (on) land; ground; shore |
| 裏面 | りめん | back; reverse; other side; inside; tails (of coins); background |
| 臨時 | りんじ | temporary; provisional; interim; special; extraordinary; extra |
| 履歴書 | りれきしょ | personal history; curriculum vitae; resume |
| 立食 | りっしょく | stand-up meal; buffet |
| 利点 | りてん | advantage; point in favor |
| 論戦 | ろんせん | verbal dispute |
| 労働力 | ろうどうりょく | labor; manpower; working force |
| 略す | りゃくす | to abbreviate; to omit; to abbreviate; to omit |
| 力 | りょく | (suffix) strength; power; proficiency; ability |
| 寮 | りょう | hostel; dormitory |
| 領域 | りょういき | area; domain; territory; field; range; region; regime |
| 了解 | りょうかい | comprehension; consent; understanding; agreement |
| 緑茶 | りょくちゃ | green tea; Japanese tea |
| 両面 | りょうめん | both sides; two sides; double-sided |
| 両者 | りょうしゃ | pair; the two; both persons; both things |
| 了承 | りょうしょう | acknowledgement; acknowledgment; understanding (e.g. “please be understanding of the mess during our renovation”); noting; acceptance |
| 両端 | りょうたん | both ends; either end; both edges; double-mindedness; sitting on the fence |
| 流 | りゅう | (suffix) fashion; way; style; manner; class; rank; rate |
| 定める | さだめる | to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to prescribe; to provide; to stipulate; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful |
| 探る | さぐる | to feel around for; to fumble for; to grope for; to search for; to look for; to investigate; to probe into; to spy on; to sound out |
| 再 | さい | (prefix) re-; again; repeated; deutero-; deuto-; deuter- |
| 最悪 | さいあく | worst; horrible; horrid; awful; terrible |
| 栽培 | さいばい | cultivation |
| 最大 | さいだい | biggest; greatest; largest; maximum |
| 再度 | さいど | twice; again; second time |
| 災害 | さいがい | calamity; disaster; misfortune |
| 再発 | さいはつ | return; relapse; reoccurrence |
| 再開 | さいかい | reopening; resumption; restarting |
| 細菌 | さいきん | bacterium; bacteria; germ |
| 最高齢 | さいこうれい | oldest; most advanced age |
| 再生 | さいせい | resuscitation; regeneration; restoration to life; reformation; rehabilitation; playback; regeneration (sound, etc.); view (of a video clip) |
| 最新 | さいしん | latest; newest; late-breaking (news) |
| 最小限 | さいしょうげん | minimum; lowest |
| 採集 | さいしゅう | collecting; gathering |
| 最終日 | さいしゅうび | last day; final day |
| 最速 | さいそく | fastest |
| 催促 | さいそく | pressing; urging; demanding; demand |
| 最低限 | さいていげん | minimum; at the very least |
| 最適 | さいてき | most suitable; optimum; optimal; best |
| 採用 | さいよう | use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement; recruitment |
| 坂道 | さかみち | hill road |
| 遡る | さかんおぼる | to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to; to make retroactive |
| 先々 | さきざき | distant future; inevitable future; places one goes to |
| 早急 | さっきゅう | immediate; prompt; quick; rapid; urgent; pressing |
| 作成 | さくせい | drawing up (e.g. legal document, contract, will, etc.); preparing; writing; framing; making; producing; creating; creation |
| 妨げる | さまたげる | to disturb; to prevent; to obstruct; to hinder |
| 山頂 | さんちょう | summit (of a mountain) |
| 参観 | さんかん | visit; inspection |
| 参照 | さんしょう | reference; bibliographical reference; consultation; browsing (e.g. when selecting a file to upload on a computer); checking out |
| 皿洗い | さらあらい | washing-up; dish-washing |
| さらさら | ー | rustling; murmuring; fluently; silky; smooth and dry; free-flowing |
| 猿真似 | さるまんえ | indiscriminate imitation; monkey see, monkey do; blind follower |
| 細やか | ささやか | meagre; meager; modest |
| ささやく | ー | to whisper; to murmur |
| 差し出す | さしだす | to present; to submit; to tender; to hold out |
| 差し引く | さしひく | to deduct; to take away; to dock; to make allowances for something; to bear something in mind |
| 差し支える | さしつかえる | to interfere; to hinder; to become impeded |
| さっさ | ー | promptly; immediately; quickly; without delay |
| 早速 | さっそく | at once; immediately; without delay; promptly |
| 撮影 | さつえい | photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording |
| 刺す | さす | to pierce; to stab; to prick; to stick; to thrust; to sting; to bite |
| さわやか | ー | fresh; refreshing; invigorating |
| 狭める | せばめる | to narrow; to reduce; to contract |
| 接着 | せっちゃく | adhesion; glueing; gluing; bonding; binding; adhering; fastening |
| 設置 | せっち | establishment; institution; installation (of a machine or equipment) |
| 制 | せい | (suffix) system; organization; organisation; imperial command; laws; regulation; control; government; suppression; restraint; holding back; establishment |
| 整備 | せいび | maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development; preparation; provision; outfitting |
| 成分 | せいぶん | ingredient; component; composition |
| 声援 | せいえん | (shout of) encouragement; cheering; rooting; support |
| 精一杯 | せいいっぱい | the best one can do; one’s best effort; with all one’s might; to the best of one’s ability |
| 成果 | せいか | : (good) result; outcome; fruits (of one’s labors); product; accomplishment |
| 生計 | せいけい | livelihood; living |
| 正門 | せいもん | main gate; main entrance |
| 製作 | せいさく | manufacture; production |
| 制作 | せいさく | work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out; development |
| 政策 | せいさく | political measures; policy |
| 清算 | せいさん | settlement (financial); squaring accounts; clearing debts; liquidation; ending (a relationship); breaking up (with); burying (the past); redeeming (one’s faults) |
| 精神力 | せいしんりょく | emotional strength; force of will |
| 性質 | せいしつ | nature; property; disposition |
| 清掃 | せいそう | cleaning; clean-up; garbage collection; scavenging |
| 生得的 | せいとくてき | innate; inherent; natural; inborn |
| 生命力 | せいめいりょく | vitality; (one’s) life force |
| 性能 | せいんおう | ability; performance; efficiency |
| 成立 | せいりつ | formation; establishment; materialization; coming into existence; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); approval; completion; arrangement |
| 生産者 | せいさんしゃ | manufacturer; producer |
| 政党 | せいとう | political party |
| 設計者 | せっけいしゃ | designer |
| 設計図 | せっけいず | plan; blueprint |
| 説教 | せっきょう | remonstration; scolding; lecturing |
| 選抜 | せんばつ | selection; choice; picking out |
| 選別 | せんべつ | selection; classification; sorting; screening; triage |
| 先着 | せんちゃく | arriving first |
| 戦後 | せんご | postwar period; period after Second World War |
| 専業主婦 | せんぎょうしゅふ | housewife |
| 選考 | せんこう | selection; screening |
| 選挙 | せんきょ | election |
| 鮮明 | せんめい | vivid; clear; distinct |
| 専門書 | せんもんしょ | technical book; specialized book; treatise |
| 専門店 | せんもんてん | specialist shop; shop specializing in a few types of product |
| 専念 | せっんえん | absorption; giving undivided attention; devoting oneself (to) |
| 洗練 | せんれん | polish; refinement |
| 線路 | せんろ | railway track; railway line; railroad; railway; track; line |
| 戦略 | せんりゃく | strategy; tactics |
| 先先週 | せんせんしゅう | week before last |
| 洗濯機 | せんたくき | washing machine (laundry) |
| 洗剤 | せんざい | detergent; cleanser; cleaning agent; washing material |
| 接する | せっする | to touch; to come in contact with; to border on; to adjoin; to be adjacent; to be close; to receive (e.g. visitor); to attend to; to serve; to take care of; to look after; to deal with; to see |
| 選出 | せんしゅつ | election; selection; choice |
| 選択肢 | せんたくし | choices; alternatives; options |
| 先端 | せんたん | pointed end; tip; point; forefront; vanguard; spearhead; leading edge |
| 接続 | せつぞく | connection; attachment; union; join; joint; link |
| 専用 | せんよう | exclusive use; personal use; dedicated |
| 専属 | せんぞく | exclusive; attached to; specialist |
| 背負う | せおう | to carry on one’s back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for |
| 設定 | せってい | establishment; creation; posing (a problem); setting (movie, novel, etc.); scene; options setting; preference settings; configuration; setup |
| 説得力 | せっとくりょく | persuasiveness; powers of persuasion; cogency |
| 節電 | せつでん | conservation of electricity; brownout |
| 車内 | しゃんあい | inside a train, car, etc. |
| 社内 | しゃんあい | within a company; in-house |
| 車両 | しゃりょう | rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles |
| 写生 | しゃせい | sketching; drawing from nature; portrayal; description |
| 写真家 | しゃしんか | photographer |
| 車窓 | しゃそう | train window; car window |
| 仕上げる | しあげる | to finish up; to complete; to finish off; to get through; to polish off |
| 痺れる | しびれる | to become numb; to go to sleep (e.g. a limb); to get an electric shock; to tingle (from an electric shock); to be excited; to be titillated; to be mesmerized; to be enthralled |
| 絞る | しぼる | to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze; to press; to extract; to milk; to extort; to exploit |
| 志望 | しぼう | wish; desire; ambition |
| 脂肪 | しぼう | fat; grease; blubber; lard; suet |
| 渋い | しぶい | astringent; bitter; puckery; rough; harsh; tart; austere; elegant (and unobtrusive); refined; quiet (and simple); sober; sombre; subdued; tasteful (in a quiet way); understated; sour (look); glum; grim; sullen; sulky |
| 試着 | しちゃく | trying on clothes |
| 市長 | しちょう | mayor |
| 支援 | しえん | support; backing; aid; assistance |
| 志願 | しがん | aspiration; volunteering; desire; application |
| 志願者 | しがんしゃ | applicant; candidate |
| 仕草 | しぐさ | gesture; movement; action; behavior; behaviour; bearing; mannerism |
| 指標 | しひょう | index; indices; indicator |
| 支持 | しじ | support; backing; endorsement; approval |
| 司会 | しかい | leading a meeting; presiding over a meeting; officiating at a ceremony; chairmanship; chairman; presenter; host; moderator; master of ceremonies |
| 視界 | しかい | field of vision; visibility; view; visual field; (one’s) ken |
| 資格 | しかく | qualifications; requirements; capabilities |
| 視覚 | しかく | sense of sight; vision |
| 思考 | しこう | thought; consideration; thinking |
| 思考力 | しこうりょく | ability to think |
| 試行錯誤 | しこうさくご | trial and error |
| 仕組み | しくみ | structure; construction; arrangement; contrivance; mechanism; workings; plan; plot; contrivance |
| 至急 | しきゅう | urgent; pressing; immediate; prompt; express; urgently; promptly; at once; right away; without delay; as soon as possible |
| 氏名 | しめい | full name; identity |
| 使命 | しめい | mission; errand; task; duty; obligation |
| 締め切る | しめきる | to close up; to shut up (e.g. behind doors); to cut off (e.g. because a deadline has expired); to close off (e.g. subscription list) |
| 湿っぽい | しめっぽい | damp; humid; wet; gloomy; melancholy |
| 湿る | しめる | to become damp; to become moist; to become wet |
| 染み付く | しみつく | to be indelibly stained or ingrained; to be dyed in deeply |
| 芯 | しん | wick; marrow; staple (for stapler); (pencil) lead; stuffing; pith; core; heart; centre; center |
| 新 | しん | (prefix) new; neo- |
| 新築 | しんちく | new building; new construction |
| 振動 | しんどう | oscillation; vibration; swing (e.g. of a pendulum) |
| 進化 | しんか | evolution; progress |
| 進行 | しんこう | moving forward (e.g. vehicle); onward movement; advance (work, procedure, etc.); advancement; progress |
| 真の | しっんお | true; real; genuine; proper; utter |
| 進入 | しっんゆう | entry; approach; penetration |
| 新設 | しんせつ | establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment |
| 進出 | しんしゅつ | advance; stepping forward; emerging |
| 深夜 | しんや | late at night |
| 信頼性 | しんらいせい | credibility; authenticity; confidence; reliability |
| 素人 | しろうと | amateur; layman; ordinary person; novice |
| 視力 | しりょく | eyesight |
| 新品 | しんぴん | (brand-)new article |
| 申請 | しんせい | application; request; petition |
| 申請書 | しんせいしょ | written application |
| 視察 | しさつ | inspection; observation |
| 施設 | しせつ | institution; establishment; facility |
| 質素 | しっそ | simple; plain; modest; frugal; reserved |
| 下書き | したがき | draft; rough copy |
| 親しむ | したしむ | to be intimate with; to befriend |
| 指摘 | してき | pointing out; identification |
| 視点 | してん | opinion; point of view; visual point |
| しわ | ー | wrinkle; crease; ripple |
| 視野 | しや | field of vision; view; one’s outlook (e.g. on life); one’s horizons |
| 自然界 | しぜんかい | nature; the natural world; realm of nature |
| 沈める | しずめる | to sink; to submerge; to floor (an opponent) |
| 諸 | しょ | various; many; several |
| 初夏 | しょか | early summer |
| 初回 | しょかい | first time; first innings; initial attempt |
| 初期 | しょき | early (days); initial stage; initial |
| 食器類 | しょっきるい | dinnerware; cutlery |
| 食 | しょく | (counter) meal |
| 食費 | しょくひ | food expense |
| 職員 | しょくいん | staff member; personnel |
| 職人 | しょくんいん | craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman |
| 食生活 | しょくせいかつ | eating habits |
| 初心者 | しょしんしゃ | beginner |
| 初対面 (shotaimen | ー | 初対面 (shotaimen) |
| 書店 | しょてん | bookshop; bookstore |
| 象徴 | しょうちょう | (abstract) symbol; emblem; representation |
| 商業 | しょうぎょう | commerce; trade; business |
| 勝敗 | しょうはい | victory or defeat; issue (of battle); outcome |
| 賞品 | しょうひん | prize; trophy |
| 消費者 | しょうひしゃ | consumer |
| 生じる | しょうじる | to produce; to yield; to cause; to result from; to arise; to be generated |
| 消化 | しょうか | digestion (of food); digestion (of information); assimilation; thorough understanding; consumption; absorption; using up; meeting (e.g. a quota); completion |
| 消極的 | しょうきょくてき | negative; passive; half-hearted; unmotivated |
| 照明 | しょうめい | illumination; lighting |
| 正面 | しょうめん | front; frontage; facade; main |
| 消耗 | しょうもう | exhaustion; consumption; using up; dissipation; waste |
| 小児科 | しょうんいか | pediatrics |
| 省略 | しょうりゃく | omission; abbreviation; abridgment; abridgement |
| 詳細 | しょうさい | details; particulars; specifics; detailed; specific; minute |
| 少子化 | しょうしか | declining birth rates; decrease in the number of children |
| 消失 | しょうしつ | dying out; disappearance; vanishing; elimination; loss; absence |
| 少数 | しょうすう | minority; few |
| 焦点 | しょうてん | focus (e.g. photographic); focal point |
| 商店街 | しょうてんがい | shopping district; shopping street; downtown |
| 所有 | しょゆう | one’s possessions; ownership |
| 所属 | しょぞく | belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of |
| 主人公 | しゅじんこう | protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story) |
| 主観 | しゅかん | subjectivity; subject (philosophical); ego; one’s personal opinion; one’s own idea |
| 宿泊先 | しゅくはくさき | lodging place |
| 祝日 | しゅくじつ | national holiday; public holiday |
| 出版社 | しゅっぱんしゃ | publisher; publishing house; publishing company |
| 出発点 | しゅっぱつてん | starting point; point of departure |
| 主力 | しゅりょく | main force; chief object; mainline |
| 主催 | しゅさい | sponsorship (i.e. conducting under one’s auspices); promotion; organizing; organising; hosting; staging |
| 出世 | しゅっせ | success in life; getting ahead; successful career; promotion; climbing the corporate ladder; eminence |
| 出社 | しゅっしゃ | going to work (e.g. in the morning); coming to work |
| 出身地 | しゅっしんち | birthplace; native place |
| 出席者 | しゅっせきしゃ | those present; attendance |
| 主体 | しゅたい | main constituent; core; nucleus; subject (philosophical); protagonist |
| 取得 | しゅとく | acquisition; obtaining; gaining possession; purchase |
| 出演 | しゅつえん | performance; appearance (in a stage, film, TV show, etc.) |
| 出演者 | しゅつえんしゃ | performer; entertainer; actor |
| 集 | しゅう | (suffix) collection; compilation |
| 修学旅行 | しゅうがくりょこう | excursion; field trip; school trip |
| 修業 | しゅうぎょう | pursuit of knowledge; studying; learning; training; completing a course |
| 周辺 | しゅうへん | circumference; outskirts; environs; around; in the area of; in the vicinity of |
| 周年 | しゅうんえん | whole year; entire year; -th year anniversary |
| 収納 | しゅうんおう | storage; putting or stowing away |
| 秀才 | しゅうさい | bright person; talented student; prodigy |
| 就職活動 | しゅうしょくかつどう | job hunting; job searching |
| 収集 | しゅうしゅう | collecting; accumulating; gathering; collection (of art, stamps, insects, etc.) |
| 習得 | しゅうとく | learning; acquisition (of a skill, knowledge, etc.) |
| 取材 | しゅざい | news coverage; collecting data (e.g. for an article); covering (something for media) |
| 率直 | そっちょく | frank; candid; straightforward; openhearted; direct; outspoken |
| 添える | そえる | to garnish; to accompany (as a card does a gift); to add to as support; to prop up |
| 側面 | そくめん | side; flank; profile; sidelight; lateral; aspect; dimension |
| 速達 | そくたつ | express; special delivery |
| 測定 | そくてい | measurement |
| 即座に | そくざ | immediately; right away; on the spot |
| 染まる | そまる | to be dyed; to be tainted; to be infected; to be stained; to be steeped |
| そもそも | ー | in the first place; to begin with; from the start; originally; ab initio |
| 揃える | そろえる | to collect; to gather; to get together; to complete (a collection); to arrange; to put in order; to prepare; to get ready |
| 揃う | そろう | to be complete; to be all present; to make a full set; to be satisfied (of conditions); to gather; to assemble; to be collected |
| そそっかしい | ー | careless; thoughtless; hasty; rash |
| 素質 | そしつ | character; qualities; genius; the makings of |
| 外側 | そとがわ | exterior; outside; outer; external; lateral |
| 添う | そう | to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy; to comply with; to live up to |
| 沿う | そう | to run along; to run beside; to stick to (a line); to follow (a policy, plan, etc.); to act in accordance with; to align with |
| 総 | そう | (prefix): whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall |
| 送付 | そうふ | sending (esp. email attachments); forwarding; remitting |
| 総額 | そうがく | sum total; total amount |
| 相互 | そうご | mutual; reciprocal |
| 総合 | そうごう | synthesis; coordination; putting together; integration; composite; comprehensive |
| 相違 | そうい | difference; discrepancy; variation |
| 倉庫 | そうこ | storehouse; warehouse; godown |
| 送客 | そうきゃく | sending customers (somebody’s way) |
| 総務 | そうむ | general affairs; general business; manager; director; adjutant general |
| 相応 | そうおう | suitable; appropriate; befitting; becoming; adequate; reasonable; proper |
| 創立 | そうりつ | establishment; founding; organization; organisation |
| 送料 | そうりょう | postage; carriage; shipping charge |
| 創作 | そうさく | creation; production; creative work (novel, film, etc.); original work; (creative) writing; fabrication; fiction; invention |
| 送信 | そうしん | transmission; sending |
| 総数 | そうすう | total (number); count |
| 相対的 | そうたいてき | relative |
| そうとう | ー | corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; befitting; proportionate |
| 創造 | そうぞう | creation |
| 騒々しい | そうぞうしい | noisy; loud; boisterous; clamorous; raucous; turbulent; unsettled; restless |
| 素材 | そざい | ingredient; (raw) material; resource; unprocessed timber; raw timber |
| 据える | すえる | to place (in position); to fix; to set (e.g. table); to lay (foundation); to install; to seat (someone); to settle (upon something); to fix (e.g. one’s gaze) |
| 水分 | すいぶん | water; liquid; fluid; moisture; humidity; sap; juice |
| 垂直 | すいちょく | vertical |
| 水平 | すいへい | horizontal; level; even |
| 水面 | すいめん | water’s surface |
| 推薦書 | すいせんしょ | recommendation; nomination |
| 吸い取る | すいとる | to absorb; to squeeze (money) |
| 好き嫌い | すききらい | likes and dislikes; pickiness (about food); choosiness; fussiness; tastes; preferences |
| すっきり | ー | refreshingly; with a feeling of relief; pleasantly; (a weight) off one’s shoulder; shapely; neatly; cleanly; without trouble |
| 住まい | すまい | dwelling; house; residence; address |
| 済ます | すます | to finish; to get it over with; to conclude; to settle; to pay back |
| 隅々 | すみずみ | nooks; corners |
| 素直 | すんあお | obedient; meek; docile; unaffected; honest; frank; upfront (about one’s feelings) |
| すらすら | ー | smoothly; easily; readily |
| 数値 | すうち | numerical value; numerics; reading (on a meter, etc.) |
| 数分 | すうふん | several minutes; a few minutes |
| 数量 | すうりょう | quantity; volume; amount |
| 多 | た | (prefix): multi- |
| 束ねる | たばんえる | to tie up in a bundle (e.g. straw, hair, bills, letters); to bundle; to sheathe; to govern; to manage; to control; to administer |
| 旅先 | たびさき | destination; goal (of travel); place one stays during a journey |
| 立ち止まる | たちどまる | to stop (in one’s tracks); to come to a stop; to halt; to pause; to stand still |
| たちまち | ー | in an instant; in a moment; immediately; right away; at once; suddenly; all of a sudden; all at once |
| 多大 | ただい | great (quantity, amount, etc.); huge; enormous; serious |
| 辿り着く | たどりつく | to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one’s way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea) |
| 耐える | たえる | to bear; to stand; to endure; to put up with; to support; to withstand; to resist; to brave |
| 多額 | たがく | large (amount of money); huge; hefty; expensive |
| 多発 | たはつ | repeated occurrence |
| 対 | たい | opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; v. |
| 大別 | たいべつ | general classification; broad categorization |
| 体調 | たいちょう | physical condition; state of health |
| 体外 | たいがい | ectogenesis; outside the body |
| 対比 | たいひ | contrast; comparison |
| 体感 | たいかん | bodily sensation; sense; experience |
| 退場 | たいじょう | exit (from a stage); leaving; exit |
| 体格 | たいかく | physique; constitution |
| 体型 | たいけい | figure; body shape; build; physique; form |
| 体験 | たいけん | personal experience; physical experience; one’s own experience |
| 対抗 | たいこう | opposition; antagonism |
| 体内 | たいんあい | interior of the body |
| 対応 | たいおう | correspondence (to); equivalence |
| 対立 | たいりつ | suitability; coordination; matching; being appropriate (for) |
| 対策 | たいさく | measure; provision; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove |
| 体制 | たいせい | order; system; structure; set-up; organization; organisation |
| 対戦 | たいせん | waging war; competition |
| 退社 | たいしゃ | resignation; leaving office; leaving work (e.g. at the end of the day) |
| 体質 | たいしつ | constitution (physical); physical make-up; predisposition (to disease); disposition; tendency; character (of a group, organization, etc.); innate characteristics; make-up; nature; culture |
| 対処 | たいしょ | dealing with; coping with |
| 退職 | たいしょく | retirement; resignation |
| 対象外 | たいしょうがい | not covered (by); not subject (to) |
| 退出 | たいしゅつ | leaving (e.g. work at end of day); withdrawal (e.g. from a noble’s or superior’s presence); exit (e.g. from a market) |
| 大敵 | たいてき | great rival; powerful enemy; archenemy |
| 対等 | たいとう | equality (esp. of status, on equal terms); equivalence |
| 高まる | たかまる | to rise; to swell; to be promoted |
| 高め | たかめ | high (e.g. ball in baseball); highish; on the high side; on the expensive side; comparatively expensive |
| 高める | たかめる | to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance |
| 滝 | たき | waterfall |
| 宅配 | たくはい | home delivery |
| 宅配便 | たくはいびん | express home delivery service |
| 逞しい | たくましい | burly; strong; sturdy; indomitable; indefatigable; strong-willed; resolute; bold |
| 蓄える | たくわえる | to store; to save up; to stock up on; to lay in stock; to set aside; to accumulate (e.g. knowledge); to build up (e.g. experience); to develop (e.g. one’s skills) |
| たくましい | ー | burly; strong; sturdy; indomitable; indefatigable; strong-willed; resolute; bold |
| 溜める | ためる | to amass; to accumulate; to store; to leave unpaid |
| 保つ | たもつ | to keep; to preserve; to hold; to retain; to maintain; to sustain; to last; to endure; to keep well (food); to wear well; to be durable |
| 多難 | たんあん | full of troubles, difficulties |
| 単調 | たんちょう | monotony; monotone; dullness |
| 単純明快 | たんじゅんめいかい | simple and clear; plain and simple |
| 短期間 | たんきかん | short term; short time |
| 頼もしい | たんおもしい | reliable; trustworthy; hopeful; promising |
| 単身 | たんしん | alone; unaided; away from home |
| 短縮 | たんしゅく | shortening; contraction; reduction; curtailment; abbreviation |
| 担当者 | たんとうしゃ | person in charge (of an area of work); person responsible; contact (person) |
| たっぷり | ー | full; in plenty; ample |
| 多量 | たりょう | large quantity; large amount |
| 多彩 | たさい | variegated; varicoloured; varicolored; multi-coloured; multi-colored; diverse |
| 他者 | たしゃ | another person; others |
| 多種多様 | たしゅたよう | a great variety of; diversity |
| 達成 | たっせい | achievement; attainment; accomplishment; realization |
| 達成感 | たっせいかん | sense of accomplishment |
| 多数 | たすう | large number (of); many; majority |
| 畳む | たたむ | to fold (clothes, umbrella); to close (a shop, business) |
| 立て替える | たてかえる | to pay for another; to pay someone else’s debt as a loan to him; to make temporary payment on a person’s behalf |
| 頼り | たより | reliance; dependence |
| 多用 | たよう | busyness; a lot of things to do; frequent use; heavy use (of); many uses |
| 多様 | たよう | diverse; varied |
| 多様化 | たようか | diversification |
| 多様性 | たようせい | diversity; variety |
| 手が空く | てがあく/てがすく | to be free; to be available |
| 手に入れる | てんいいれる | to obtain; to procure |
| 手に付かない | てんいつかんあい | unable to concentrate on (due to distractions, etc.) |
| 手足 | てあし | hands and feet; limbs |
| 手早い | てばやい | nimble; quick; agile |
| 手帳 | てちょう | notebook; memo pad; (pocket) diary |
| 手書き | てがき | handwriting; handwritten; hand-painted; hand-drawn |
| 手軽 | てがる | easy; simple; informal; offhand; cheap |
| 手頃 | てごろ | moderate; handy; convenient; reasonable |
| 定着 | ていちゃく | sticking (in one place, position, etc.); settling; fixing; adherence; becoming established (of a custom, system, etc.); taking hold; taking root |
| 庭園 | ていえん | garden; park |
| 定員 | ていいん | fixed number (of people); prescribed number (of regular personnel, students, etc.); quota; numerical limit; complement |
| 提示 | ていじ | presentation; exhibit; suggest; citation |
| 定価 | ていか | list price; regular price; established price |
| 低下 | ていか | fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation |
| 低価格 | ていかく | low price |
| 低気圧 | ていきあつ | low (atmospheric) pressure; low-pressure system; depression; cyclone; bad temper; foul mood; tense situation |
| 低コスト | ていこすと | low cost |
| 抵抗感 | ていこうかん | antipathy; reluctance; resistance |
| 提供 | ていきょう | offer; tender; providing; supplying; making available; donating (blood, organs, etc.); sponsoring (a TV program) |
| 定年 | ていんえん | retirement age; years of service in a military rank before eligibility for promotion |
| 手入れ | ていれ | care; looking after; repair; maintenance; tending; trimming; grooming; (police) raid; crackdown |
| 停止 | ていし | stoppage; coming to a stop; halt; standstill; ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); interruption (e.g. of electricity supply); cutting off |
| 的確 | てきかく | precise; accurate; appropriate; exactly the right |
| 適性 | てきせい | aptitude; aptness; suitability |
| 手元 | てもと | at hand; on hand; nearby; close at hand; way of moving one’s arms; skill; money at hand; pocket money |
| 店長 | てんちょう | shop manager |
| 展示 | てんじ | exhibition; display |
| 転換 | てんかん | conversion; diversion; changeover; commutation; switchover |
| 点検 | てんけん | inspection; examination; checking |
| 転勤 | てんきん | job transfer; job relocation; intra-company transfer |
| 転校 | てんこう | changing schools |
| 天候不順 | てんこうふじゅん | unseasonable weather; fickle weather; bad weather |
| 転校生 | てんこうせい | transfer student; student changing schools |
| 添付 | てんぷ | attaching (documents, etc.); appending; affixing |
| 手作業 | てさぎょう | manual labor; manual procedures |
| 訂正 | ていせい | correction; revision; amendment |
| 転職 | てんしょく | change of occupation; career change |
| 天才 | てんざい | genius; prodigy; natural gift |
| 手数料 | てすうりょう | handling charge; commission |
| 手続き | てつずき | procedure; process; proceedings; formalities |
| 飛び散る | とびちる | to fly around; to scatter |
| 飛び回る | とびまわる | to fly about; to skip about; to bustle about |
| 乏しい | とぼしい | meagre; meager; scarce; limited; destitute; hard up; lacking; scanty; poor |
| 問い合わせ | といあわせ | enquiry; inquiry; query; interrogation |
| 問い合わせる | といあわせる | to enquire; to inquire; to seek information |
| 閉じこもる | とじこもる | to seclude oneself; to shut oneself away |
| 問いかける | といかける | to ask a question; to begin to ask a question |
| 溶かす | とかす | to dissolve; to melt |
| 特効薬 | とっこうやく | specific medicine; wonder drug; silver bullet |
| 特色 | とくしょく | characteristic; feature; idiosyncrasy; personal color |
| 特殊 | とくしゅ | special; particular; peculiar; unique |
| 特集 | とくしゅう | feature (e.g. newspaper); special edition; report |
| 特定 | とくてい | specific; particular; designated; special; specifying; designating; identifying; pinpointing |
| 得点 | とくてん | scoring; score; points made; marks obtained; goals; runs |
| 共働き | ともばたらき | (husband and wife) both working; dual income |
| 伴う | ともんあう | to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with; to be involved in |
| 遠回り | とおまわり | detour; roundabout way |
| 取扱 | とりあつかい | treatment; service; handling; management |
| 取り入れる | とりいれる | to harvest; to reap; to take in; to gather in; to adopt (e.g. idea); to accept (e.g. advice); to introduce |
| 取り組み | とりくみ | bout (in sports, etc.); match; effort; initiative; dealing with; grappling with; wrestling with |
| 取り込む | とりこむ | to take in; to bring in; to adopt (e.g. behaviour); to introduce; to win over; to please; to curry favour with; to flatter |
| 取り消し | とりけし | cancellation; withdrawal; abolition; revocation; cancel |
| 取り組む | とりくむ | to grapple with; to wrestle with; to engage in a bout; to be matched against; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to come to grips with; to work hard on |
| 取り除く | とりんおぞく | to remove; to deinstall; to take away; to set apart |
| 取り付く | とりつく | to cling to; to hold on to; to hold fast to; to set about doing; to begin; to commence; to undertake |
| 取り寄せる | とりよせる | to order; to send away for; to have (something) sent to one |
| 都心 | としん | city centre (center) (esp. capital city); urban centre; heart of city a metropolis |
| 年取る | としとる | to grow old; to age |
| 年上 | としうえ | older; senior |
| 整える (totonoeru | ー | 整える (totonoeru) |
| 整う | ととんおう | to be ready; to be prepared; to be arranged; to be in order; to be put in order; to be well-ordered; to be well-proportioned; to be harmonious; to be adjusted; to be regulated; to be refined (e.g. of a face) |
| 取っ手 | とって | handle; grip; knob |
| 逃亡 | とうぼう | escape; flight; running away; elopement; fleeing |
| 当分 | とうぶん | for the present; for the time being |
| 逃避 | とうひ | escape; evasion; flight |
| 統一 | とういつ | unity; consolidation; uniformity; unification; compatible |
| 登場 | とうじょう | entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market) |
| 統計 | とうけい | statistics |
| 陶器 | とうき | porcelain (esp. soft-paste porcelain); china; chinaware; earthenware; pottery; ceramics; crockery |
| 登校 | とうこう | attendance (at school); going to school |
| 透明 | とうめい | transparent; clear |
| 登録 | とうろく | registration; accession; register; entry; record |
| 討論 | とうろん | debate; discussion |
| 到達 | とうたつ | reaching; attaining; arrival |
| 到底 | とうてい | by no means; not at all; (cannot) possibly; utterly; absolutely |
| 取り上げる | とりあげる | to pick up; to adopt (e.g. a proposal); to accept; to take up (a topic, complaint, etc.); to listen to; to deal with; to feature |
| 取り掛かる | とりかかる | to begin; to set about; to start |
| 取り戻す | とりもどす | to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover |
| 登山家 | とざんか | mountain climber; mountaineer |
| 潰す | つぶす | to smash; to crush; to flatten; to kill (time); to while away (the time) |
| 呟く | つぶやく | to mutter; to murmur; to grumble |
| 追加 | ついか | addition; supplement; appending; appendix |
| 追求 | ついきゅう | pursuit (of a goal, ideal, etc.); search; chase; seeking after |
| 追及 | ついきゅう | investigation (e.g. into someone’s guilt); questioning; pressing; hounding; pinning down; catching up; overtaking |
| 使い分ける | つかいわける | to use properly; to use (different things) for different purposes |
| 付け加え | つけくわえ | addition (to something) |
| 付け加える | つけくわえる | to add (one thing to another); to add (a few more words, an explanation, etc.) |
| 作り上げる | つくりあげる | to build up; to complete; to construct; to create; to invent; to cook up |
| つまずく | ー | to stumble; to trip; to fail |
| 積み重なる | つみかさんある | to pile up; to stack up; to accumulate |
| 積み重ねる | つみかさんえる | to pile up; to accumulate |
| 積む | つむ | to pile up; to stack; to load (car, ship, etc.); to pack; to acquire; to accumulate |
| 繋がる | つんあがる | to be tied together; to be connected to; to be linked to; to lead to; to be related to |
| 努める | つとめる | to endeavor (endeavour); to try; to strive; to make an effort; to exert oneself; to be diligent; to be committed (to doing something) |
| 通知 | つうち | notice; notification; report; posting |
| 通常 | つうじょう | usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common |
| 通路 | つうろ | passage; pathway; roadway; avenue; aisle |
| 通信販売 | つうしんはんばい | mail order; mail-order sales; shop-by-mail service; on-line shopping service (with delivery by mail) |
| 通用 | つうよう | popular use; circulation; to pass as; to pass for |
| 強火 | つよび | high flame (cooking); high heat; strong heat |
| 強気 | つよき | confident; assured; self-assured; firm; strong; cocksure |
| 強める | つよめる | to strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise |
| 強み | つよみ | forte; strong point |
| 打ち明ける | うちあける | to confide; to reveal; to disclose; to lay bare; to speak frankly; to open (one’s heart) |
| 打ち合わせ | うちあわせ | advance arrangements; preparatory meeting; briefing session |
| 内側 | うちがわ | inside; interior; inner part |
| 打ち消す | うちけす | to deny; to contradict; to negate (esp. a sound); to drown out |
| 宇宙人 | うちゅうじん | space alien; alien; extraterrestrial being |
| 動き | うごき | movement; move; motion; trend; development; change; fluctuation |
| 浮かぶ | うかぶ | to float; to be suspended; to rise to surface; to come to mind; to have inspiration |
| 受け入れる | うけいれる | to accept; to receive; to agree |
| 受け答え | うけこたえ | reply; response; answer |
| 埋め込む | うめこむ | to bury; to embed; to implant |
| 有無 | うむ | existence or nonexistence; presence or absence; consent or refusal; yes or no |
| 運が良い | うんがよい | lucky |
| 促す | うんあがす | to urge; to encourage; to press; to prompt; to draw (attention to); to stimulate (e.g. growth); to hasten (e.g. development); to quicken; to accelerate; to promote |
| うなずく | ー | to nod; to bow one’s head in assent; to agree |
| 運賃 | うんちん | (passenger) fare; freight rates; shipping expenses |
| 運営 | うんえい | management; administration; operation |
| 運送 | うんそう | transport; freight; shipping |
| 占う | うらんあう | to tell someone’s fortune; to forecast; to predict; to divine |
| 売れ行き | うれゆき | sales; demand |
| 売り上げ | うりあげ | amount sold; sales; proceeds; takings; turnover |
| 売り切れ | うりきれ | sold-out |
| うろうろ | ー | restlessly; aimlessly; without purpose |
| 薄暗い | うすぐらい | dim; gloomy |
| 薄れる | うすれる | to fade; to become dim |
| 雨天 | うてん | rainy weather |
| うとうと | ー | falling into a doze; dozing off; nodding off |
| うつむく | ー | to hang one’s head; to look down; to cast one’s eyes downward |
| 移し替える | うつしかえる | to shift something to; to move something into; to transfer; to transplant; to transpose; to exchange; to displace |
| 映る | うつる | to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen) |
| 器 | うつわ | bowl; vessel; container; ability; capacity; calibre; caliber |
| 上回る | うわまわる | to exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.); to surpass; to be more than; to be better than |
| 和風 | わふう | Japanese style |
| わがまま | ー | selfish; egoist; self-indulgent; wilful; willful |
| 分かれる | わかれる | to separate; to split; to divide; to disperse; to scatter |
| 若々しい | わかわかしい | youthful; young; young-looking |
| 湧く | わく | to well (up); to gush forth (of water); to spring out; to surge; to appear (esp. suddenly) (sweat, tears, etc.) |
| 枠組み | わくぐみ | frame; framework; outline |
| 割り込む | わりこむ | to cut into (a line, conversation, etc.); to force oneself into (e.g. a crowd); to wedge oneself into; to squeeze oneself into; to intrude on; to interrupt |
| 脇道 | わきみち | side road; byroad |
| 悪者 | わるもんお | bad fellow; rascal; ruffian; scoundrel |
| 和食 | わしょく | Japanese food; Japanese-style meal; Japanese cuisine |
| 忘れ去る | わすれさる | to forget completely; to leave behind |
| 破れる | やぶれる | to get torn; to tear; to rip; to break; to wear out; to collapse; to fall into ruin |
| 敗れる | やぶれる | to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose |
| 喧しい | やかましい | noisy; loud; clamorous; boisterous; much talked of; much-discussed; vexed |
| 夜勤 | やきん | night shift |
| 薬品 | やくひん | medicine; chemicals |
| 役目 | やくめ | duty; role; function |
| 約束事 | やくそくごと | promise; vow; engagement; convention; rule; resolution |
| やむを得ない | やむをえんあい | cannot be helped; unavoidable |
| やり甲斐 | やりがい | being worth doing |
| 養う | やしんあう | to support; to maintain; to provide for; to bring up; to raise; to rear; to feed; to cultivate (a habit, a quality, etc.); to develop; to build up; to foster |
| 安値 | やすんえ | low price |
| 屋台 | やたい | cart (esp. a food cart); stall; stand |
| 野党 | やとう | opposition party; political opposition; opposition |
| 呼びかける | よびかける | to call out to; to hail; to address; to appeal |
| 呼び止める | よびとめる | to challenge; to call somebody to halt |
| 予感 | よかん | presentiment; premonition; hunch |
| 欲求 | よっきゅう | desire; want; will; wish; urge; craving |
| 欲張り | よくばり | greed; avarice; covetousness; greedy person |
| 欲張る | よくばる | to covet; to lust for |
| 読み込む | よみこむ | to read thoroughly; to read repeatedly; to read (extra meaning) into (something) |
| 読み手 | よみて | reader (person) |
| 読み取る | よみとる | to read and understand; to take in; to sense from external cues; to read (someone’s) mind |
| よっぽど | ー | very; greatly; much; to a large extent; quite |
| 寄り道 | よりみち | dropping in on the way; stopping off at; making a side trip; going the long way round; making a detour |
| 夜型 | よるがた | nocturnal (person) |
| 夜遅く | よるおそく | late at night; at a late hour |
| 予選 | よせん | preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary |
| 寄せる | よせる | to come near; to let someone approach; to bring near; to bring together; to collect; to gather; to press; to push; to force |
| 予定表 | よていひょう | schedule; program; programme; itinerary |
| 幼稚 | ようち | infancy; childish; infantile; immature; primitive |
| 幼稚園 | ようちえん | kindergarten |
| 用具 | ようぐ | tool; implement; instrument; equipment |
| 用品 | ようひん | articles; supplies; parts |
| 要因 | よういん | main cause; primary factor |
| 要件 | ようけん | important matter; requirement; requisite; necessary condition; sine qua non |
| 用件 | ようけん | business; thing to be done; something that should be performed; information that should be conveyed |
| 容量 | ようりょう | capacity; volume |
| 養成 | ようせい | training; education; development; cultivation |
| 容姿 | ようし | (physical) appearance (of a person); one’s face and figure |
| 要旨 | ようし | point; essentials; gist; summary; fundamentals |
| 様式 | ようしき | style; form; pattern |
| 要所 | ようしょ | important point; important position |
| 要するに (you suru ni | ー | 要するに (you suru ni) |
| 用途 | ようと | use; service; purpose |
| 弱気 | よわき | timid; weak-kneed; fainthearted |
| 弱まる | よわまる | to abate; to weaken; to be emaciated; to be dejected; to be perplexed |
| 弱々しい | よわよわしい | frail; slender; feminine |
| 夜空 | よぞら | night sky |
| 指差す | ゆびさす | to point at |
| 油断 | ゆだん | negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness |
| 行方 | ゆくえ | (one’s) whereabouts |
| 緩やか | ゆるやか | loose; slack; gentle (slope, curve); slow (speed) |
| ゆったり | ー | comfortable; easy; calm; relaxed; loose; spacious |
| 有害 | ゆうがい | harmful; hazardous |
| 有限 | ゆうげん | finite; limited |
| 夕日 | ゆうひ | evening sun; setting sun |
| 有意義 | ゆういぎ | significant; useful; meaningful; worthwhile; valuable; of interest |
| 有人 | ゆうじん | manned; occupied; piloted |
| 有給 | ゆうきゅう | salaried; with pay |
| 有力 | ゆうりょく | influential; prominent; strong; likely; plausible; potent |
| 有力者 | ゆうりょくしゃ | influential person; man of importance |
| 優良 | ゆうりょう | superior; excellent; fine |
| 優先 | ゆうせん | preference; priority; precedence |
| 郵送 | ゆうそう | mailing; posting |
| 憂鬱 | ゆううつ | depression; melancholy; dejection; gloom; despondency |
| 在学 | ざいがく | attending (school, college, etc.); being enrolled; being a student |
| 在籍 | ざいせき | being enrolled (at a school); being registered; being a member (of a team, organization, etc.) |
| 材質 | ざいしつ | material; material properties; quality of material |
| 残業代 | ざんぎょうだい | overtime pay; overtime money; overtime payment |
| 雑草 | ざっそう | weed |
| 雑談 | ざつだん | chatting; idle talk |
| ざわざわ | ー | noisily (e.g. from many people talking); creating a commotion; rustling (leaves); feeling a chill; getting the chills |
| 税関 | ぜいかん | customs; customs house |
| 税込 | ぜいこみ | tax included (e.g. price); before tax (e.g. salary) |
| 全額 | ぜんがく | total; full amount; sum |
| 前半 | ぜんはん | first half |
| 全面 | ぜんめん | whole surface; entire |
| 全般 | ぜんぱん | (the) whole; entirety; wholly; as a whole; generally; universally |
| 前回 | ぜんかい | previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session |
| 全面的 | ぜんめんてき | total; complete; all-out; general; extensive; full-scale |
| 全力 | ぜんりょく | all one’s power (strength, energy, efforts); one’s utmost |
| 前提 | ぜんてい | condition; assumption; prerequisite; hypothesis |
| 沿い | ぞい | (suffix) along |
| 続行 | ぞっこう | continuation; continuance; going on; resuming |
| 続出 | ぞくしゅつ | appearing one after another; cropping up one after another; occurring in succession |
| 属する | ぞくする | to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to |
| 続々 | ぞくぞく | successively; one after another |
| 存分 | ぞんぶん | to one’s heart’s content; as much as one wants |
| 増大 | ぞうだい | enlargement; increase |
| 増減 | ぞうげん | increase and decrease; fluctuation |
| 図表 | ずひょう | chart; diagram; graph; figure |
| 漬け | ずけ | (suffix) pickled in (something); preserved in; dipped in |
| 頭脳 | ずんおう | head; brains |
| 滑らす | ずらす | to shift; to slide (e.g. something away from something else); to move (e.g. something out of the way); to put off; to delay; to postpone; to stagger (e.g. working hours) |
| 図々しい | ずうずうしい | impudent; shameless; brazen; forward; audacious; cheeky |